Europe United: 1 football fan. 1 crazy season. 55 UEFA nations

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Carlos Ramos-Mrosovsky on United States of Europe on National Review Online". National Review. Archived from the original on 29 October 2008 . Retrieved 2 October 2009.

Phillips, D.; Ertl, Hubert (30 June 2003). Implementing European Union Education and Training Policy: A Comparative Study of Issues in Four Member States. p.44. ISBN 978-1-4020-1292-1. The Union Movement was a British party founded by Oswald Mosley after the dissolution of his British Union of Fascists. Mosley first presented his idea of " Europe a Nation" in his book The Alternative in 1947.In 1982, Argentina invaded the British territories of South Georgia and the Falkland Islands, leading to the 10-week Falklands War in which Argentine forces were defeated. The inhabitants of the islands are predominantly descendants of British settlers, and strongly favour British sovereignty, expressed in a 2013 referendum. From 1984, the UK economy was helped by the inflow of substantial North Sea oil revenues. [116] From the late 1960s, Northern Ireland suffered communal and paramilitary violence (sometimes affecting other parts of the UK) conventionally known as the Troubles. It is usually considered to have ended with the 1998 Belfast "Good Friday" Agreement. [114] Canary Wharf, a symbol of the financial reforms initiated by Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s Horizon Europe is an EU research and innovation programme. It has a budget of €95.5 billion and runs until 2027. In 1941, the Italian anti-fascists Altiero Spinelli and Ernesto Rossi finished writing the Ventotene Manifesto, encouraging a federation of European states. [23] By the 1950s and 1960s, Europe saw the emergence of two different projects, the European Free Trade Association and the much more political European Economic Community.

Most of the United Kingdom has a temperate climate, with generally cool temperatures and plentiful rainfall all year round. [137] The temperature varies with the seasons seldom dropping below 0 °C (32 °F) or rising above 30°C (86°F). [144] Some parts, away from the coast, of upland England, Wales, Northern Ireland and most of Scotland, experience a subpolar oceanic climate ( Cfc). Higher elevations in Scotland experience a continental subarctic climate ( Dfc) and the mountains experience a tundra climate ( ET). [145] Main article: Transport in the United Kingdom A high-speed East Coast Main Line train in Northumberland One thing is obvious and shines through these stories… the respect, admiration and affection that everybody holds for Sir Bobby Charlton. Both English law, which applies in England and Wales, and Northern Ireland law are based on common-law principles. [229] The courts of England and Wales are headed by the Senior Courts of England and Wales, consisting of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice (for civil cases) and the Crown Court (for criminal cases). [230] Scots law is a hybrid system based on common-law and civil-law principles. The chief courts are the Court of Session, for civil cases, [231] and the High Court of Justiciary, for criminal cases. [232] The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom serves as the highest court of appeal for civil cases under Scots law. [233] We see nothing but good and hope in a richer, freer, more contented European commonality. But we have our own dream and our own task. We are with Europe, but not of it. We are linked but not compromised. We are interested and associated but not absorbed. [21]

How Long Can a US Citizen Stay in Europe Without a Visa?

Various versions of the concept have developed over the centuries, many of which are mutually incompatible (inclusion or exclusion of the United Kingdom, secular or religious union, etc.). Such proposals include those from Bohemian King George of Poděbrady in 1464; [4] Duc de Sully of France in the seventeenth century; [5] and the plan of William Penn, the Quaker founder of Pennsylvania, for the establishment of a "European Dyet, Parliament or Estates". [6] George Washington also allegedly voiced support for a "United States of Europe", [7] although the authenticity of this statement has been questioned. [8] 19th century [ edit ] Conventionally Eastern Europe is the geographical region east of Germany and west of the Ural Mountains. The United Nations geoscheme lists ten countries including the former Eastern bloc countries of Poland, Czechia, and Slovakia (formerly Czechoslovakia), Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria, the former Soviet republics of Belarus and Ukraine, as well as European Russia. His ideas influenced Aristide Briand, French Prime Minister, who gave on 8 September 1929 a speech before the Assembly of the League of Nations in which he proposed the idea of a federation of European nations based on solidarity and in the pursuit of economic prosperity and political and social co-operation. At the League's request, Briand presented in 1930 his "Memorandum on the Organization of a Regime of European Federal Union" for the Government of France. [20] In 1931, French politician Édouard Herriot and British civil servant Arthur Salter both penned books titled The United States of Europe. [ citation needed] Vanessa Conze: Das Europa der Deutschen; Ideen von Europa in Deutschland zwischen Reichstradition und Westorientierung (1920–1970); Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag; 2005; ISBN 978-3-486-57757-0.

National monthly estimate "Demography - Population at the beginning of the month - France". www.insee.fr. Europe is shared by 50 countries. By the conventional definition, there are 44 sovereign states or nations in Europe. Not included are several countries namely Turkey, which occupies only a small part of East Thrace on the European Balkan Peninsula. Science fiction has made particular use of the idea: Incompetence, a dystopian novel by Red Dwarf creator Rob Grant, is a murder mystery political thriller set in a federated Europe of the near future, where stupidity is a constitutionally protected right. References to a European Alliance or European Hegemony have also existed in episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987–1994). In the Spy High series of books for young adults, written by A. J. Butcher and set around the 2060s, a united Europe exists in the form of "Europa", and Andrew Roberts's 1995 book The Aachen Memorandum details a United States of Europe formed from a fraudulent referendum entitled the Aachen Referendum. [56] UK researchers can now apply for Horizon Europe funding, certain that all successful UK applicants will be covered through the UK’s association (or through the guarantee) for the remainder of the programme. The United Kingdom, the 14 British Overseas Territories [213] and the three Crown Dependencies [214] form 'one undivided Realm'. [215] [216] All parts of the realm are under the sovereignty of the British Crown, but the Territories and Dependencies are not part of the UK. This is distinct from the status of Commonwealth realms, who have separate monarchies, but share the same monarch. [216] Locations of UK dependencies (crown dependencies alphabetised, overseas territories numbered): A Isle of Man; B Guernsey; C Jersey; 1 United Kingdom; 2 Gibraltar; 3 Akrotiri and Dhekelia; 4 Bermuda; 5 Turks and Caicos Islands; 6 British Virgin Islands; 7 Anguilla; 8 Cayman Islands; 9 Montserrat; 10 Pitcairn Islands; 11 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; 12 British Indian Ocean Territory; 13 Falkland Islands; 14 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; (15) British Antarctic TerritoryInternational news – euronews, latest international news". Archived from the original on 6 February 2012 . Retrieved 30 December 2014. Main articles: Treaty of Union and Kingdom of Great Britain The Treaty of Union led to a united kingdom of all of Great Britain. The near-symmetrical pyramidal peak of the Matterhorn (height: 4,478 m). The famous mountain in Switzerland is situated in the Pennine Alps between the Swiss town of Zermatt and the Italian alpine resort of Breuil-Cervinia. Main articles: Law of the United Kingdom, Censorship in the United Kingdom, and Crime in the United Kingdom The Supreme Court is the final court of appeal for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and civil cases in Scotland. The United Kingdom does not have a single legal system as Article 19 of the 1706 Treaty of Union provided for the continuation of Scotland's separate legal system. [226] Today the UK has three distinct systems of law: English law, Northern Ireland law and Scots law. A new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom came into being in October 2009 to replace the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords. [227] The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, including the same members as the Supreme Court, is the highest court of appeal for several independent Commonwealth countries, the British Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies. [228]

a b Churchill, Winston (19 September 1946). Speech to the Academic Youth (Speech). Zürich, Switzerland . Retrieved 27 June 2019. The geographical division of the United Kingdom into counties or shires began in England and Scotland in the early Middle Ages, and was completed throughout Great Britain and Ireland by the early Modern Period. [185] Modern local government by elected councils, partly based on the ancient counties, was established by separate Acts of Parliament: in England and Wales in 1888, Scotland in 1889 and Ireland in 1898, meaning there is no consistent system of administrative or geographic demarcation across the UK. [186] The UK became the first industrialised country and was the world's foremost power for the majority of the 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly during the " Pax Britannica" between 1815 and 1914. [19] [20] The British Empire, at its height in the 1920s, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's landmass and population, and was the largest empire in history; however, its involvement in the First World War and the Second World War damaged Britain's economic power and a global wave of decolonisation led to the independence of most British colonies. [21] [22] [23] British influence can be observed in the legal and political systems of many of its former colonies, and the UK's culture remains globally influential, particularly in literature, music and sport. As of 2022, the United Kingdom is ranked 2nd out of 180 countries in the Environmental Performance Index. [149] A law has been passed that UK greenhouse gas emissions will be net zero by 2050. [150] Topography In 2012, Viviane Reding, the Luxembourgish Vice-president of the European Commission called in a speech in Passau Germany and in a series of articles and interviews for the establishment of the United States of Europe as a way to strengthen the unity of Europe. [39] Matteo Renzi [ edit ]The Acts of Union 1707 declared that the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland were "United into One Kingdom by the Name of Great Britain". [o] [34] The term "United Kingdom" has occasionally been used as a description for the former Kingdom of Great Britain, although its official name from 1707 to 1800 was simply "Great Britain". [35] The Acts of Union 1800 united the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Following the partition of Ireland and the independence of the Irish Free State in 1922, which left Northern Ireland as the only part of the island of Ireland within the United Kingdom, the name was changed in 1927 to the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". [36] Population of the 18 regions of France including overseas regions. Excluding Overseas Territories and Collectivities: French Polynesia, New Caledonia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Clipperton Island, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, Saint Pierre and Miquelon and Wallis and Futuna. Internationale Paneuropa Union – Union Paneuropeénne Internationale – International Paneuropean Union". Archived from the original on 15 February 2013 . Retrieved 15 February 2013.