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The Moon's mass is 1/81 of Earth's, [70] being the second densest among the planetary moons, and having the second highest surface gravity, after Io, at 0.1654 g and an escape velocity of 2.38km/s ( 8 600km/h; 5 300mph).
The term "Mon" (spelt မန် in Mon and မွန် in Burmese), which is synonymous with the Burmese word for 'noble,' [21] was likely derived from Old Mon "rmeñ" by way of Middle Mon "rman" (ရာမန်). [22] [17] The ethnonym "rmeñ" was first recorded in the Kyanzittha’s New Palace Inscription of AD 1102 in Myanmar. Derivatives of this ethnonym have been found in 6th to 10th-century Old Khmer and 11th-century Javanese inscriptions. [22] :44–58 The geographic term Rāmaññadesa, which now refers to the Mon heartland on the Burmese coast, was coined by King Dhammazedi in 1479. [23] [24] [25] The Moon's axial tilt with respect to the ecliptic is only 1.5427°, [8] [103] much less than the 23.44° of Earth. Because of this small tilt, the Moon's solar illumination varies much less with season than on Earth and it allows for the existence of some peaks of eternal light at the Moon's north pole, at the rim of the crater Peary. This Lunar map emphasizes the major features on the near side of the Moon such as the Lunar Maria and large craters.Thomas, David (1990). "On early Monic, Vietic and Bahnaric relations" (PDF). Mon-Khmer Studies. Vol.16–17. Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp.177–179. ISBN 9780824813437 . Retrieved April 6, 2021. The Moon is in synchronous rotation with Earth, always showing the same face with its near side marked by dark volcanic maria that fill between the bright ancient crustal highlands and the prominent impact craters. It is the second-brightest regularly visible celestial object in Earth's sky (after the Sun), as measured by illuminance on the surface of Earth. Although it can appear a very bright white, its surface is actually dark, with a reflectance just slightly higher than that of worn asphalt. Its prominence in the sky and its regular cycle of phases have, since ancient times, made the Moon an important cultural influence on language, calendars, art, and mythology. The Moon's gravitational influence produces the ocean tides and the slight lengthening of the day. The Moon's current orbital distance is about thirty times the diameter of Earth, causing it to have an apparent size in the sky almost the same as that of the Sun. This allows the Moon to cover the Sun nearly precisely in total solar eclipse. This matching of apparent visual size is a coincidence.
Although Thai adopted more features from the Old Khmer alphabet than from the Mon, plenty of vocabulary in Thai language today were derived from the Mon language. [89] [90] Burmese has derived and borrowed vocabulary from the Mon language, especially related to administration, architecture, cloth, cuisine and flowers. Jiaranai Vithidkul; Chanwit Tudkeao (2020-12-28). "Burmese, Mon, Thai, and Pali: The Diversity of Rachathirat Literatures in Thailand". Journal of Letters. {{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help) Desakura (2020-05-27). "Wat Suthatham Temple in Samut Songkhram, Thailand". Stationremodel . Retrieved 2020-08-07. NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter science team released the highest resolution near-global topographic map of the moon ever created. This new topographic map shows the surface shape and features over nearly the entire moon with a pixel scale close to 328 feet. Although the moon is Earth's closest neighbor, knowledge of its morphology is s The Moon is a differentiated body that was initially in hydrostatic equilibrium but has since departed from this condition. [71] It has a geochemically distinct crust, mantle, and core. The Moon has a solid iron-rich inner core with a radius possibly as small as 240 kilometres (150mi) and a fluid outer core primarily made of liquid iron with a radius of roughly 300 kilometres (190mi). Around the core is a partially molten boundary layer with a radius of about 500 kilometres (310mi). [72] [73] This structure is thought to have developed through the fractional crystallization of a global magma ocean shortly after the Moon's formation 4.5billion years ago. [74]a b c Khin May Aung (July 24, 2015). "Historical Perspective on Mon Settlements in Myanmar" (PDF). Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenge. International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies. The Hae Hang Hong Tong Ta Khab Festival, also known as the Tawai Tong Ta Khab Festival, is an important tradition of the Mon people in Thailand, primarily in Pathum Thani, Pak Kret, and Phra Pradaeng. The festival is held during the Songkran festival and features a parade of flags that move towards the Hongsa Pole to offer tribute to the Buddha. Prior to the festival, the flags are prepared through the collective efforts of many individuals who come together to sew and decorate them. [115] [116] [117] [118] [119] The usual English proper name for Earth's natural satellite is simply Moon, with a capital M. [20] [21] The noun moon is derived from Old English mōna, which (like all its Germanic cognates) stems from Proto-Germanic *mēnōn, [22] which in turn comes from Proto-Indo-European *mēnsis "month" [23] (from earlier *mēnōt, genitive *mēneses) which may be related to the verb "measure" (of time). [24] Astronomical work is never done alone. Wilkins was director of the Lunar Section of the British Astronomical Association, so he was in correspondence with many other people who were observing the Moon. They would discuss what they had seen, how they built their telescopes, how they drew.
Analysis of the findings of the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) revealed in August 2018 for the first time "definitive evidence" for water-ice on the lunar surface. [159] [160] The data revealed the distinct reflective signatures of water-ice, as opposed to dust and other reflective substances. [161] The ice deposits were found on the North and South poles, although it is more abundant in the South, where water is trapped in permanently shadowed craters and crevices, allowing it to persist as ice on the surface since they are shielded from the sun. [159] [161] The Mon were one of the earliest to reside in Southeast Asia, and were responsible for the spread of Theravada Buddhism in Mainland Southeast Asia. [10] [11] The civilizations founded by the Mon were some of the earliest in Thailand as well as Myanmar and Laos. The Mon are regarded as a large exporter of Southeast Asian culture. [12] Historically, many cities in Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos today, including Yangon, Pathum Thani, and Vientiane were founded either by the Mon people or Mon rulers. Main articles: Mon language and Thai language Mon script on the Myakan inscription (ca. 1084–1112 CE)Puncreobutr, Vichian; Wattanasan, Piyada; Thianthong, Wilawan (2019). "Local Folk Games and Health Promotion: Case Study, Saba Tossing Game of Thai Raman People in Ongkarak District, Nakornnayok Province". SSRN 3335646. Foster, Brian (1973). "Ethnic Identity of the Mons in Thailand" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 61: 203–226. The cumulative effects of stress built up by these tidal forces produces moonquakes. Moonquakes are much less common and weaker than are earthquakes, although moonquakes can last for up to an hour– significantly longer than terrestrial quakes– because of scattering of the seismic vibrations in the dry fragmented upper crust. The existence of moonquakes was an unexpected discovery from seismometers placed on the Moon by Apollo astronauts from 1969 through 1972. [173] Srithawong, Suparat; Muisuk, Kanha; Srikummool, Metawee; Kampuansai, Jatupol; Pittayaporn, Pittayawat; Ruangchai, Sukhum; Liu, Dang; Kutanan, Wibhu (2020). "Close genetic relationship between central Thai and Mon people in Thailand revealed by autosomal microsatellites". Int J Legal Med. 135 (2): 445–448. doi: 10.1007/s00414-020-02290-4. PMID 32281021. S2CID 215741324.
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