Stony Road

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The passage of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution and enabling legisation (augmented by stringent conditions placed on Southern states for reentry to the union) gave freed people a full panoply of civic rights, most especially the franchise. Newly freed slaves gained substantial political power, and elected offices, as the result of the vote. Dating from the presidential election of 1877, where an orchestrated compromise gave the presidency to Hayes in exchange for removing federal oversight of several formerly confederate states, the national concern for civil rights for the emancipated population waned considerably. The so-called "Lost Cause" mythology emerged that held that South failed in its rupture from the union only because of the overwhelming military and industral superiority of the North, but the merits of the Southern ethos on the hierarchy of the races still held. The never-settled question of the respective powers of the federal government v state's rights played a significant role in several Supreme Court decisions that eviscerated civil rights legislation combined with growing indifference in the North to the affairs of the South, led to the resurgance of white suzerainty over political and social matters in the South. The title Stony Road symbolizes the arduous and challenging path that one must traverse in life. It represents the hurdles and obstacles individuals encounter on their personal journeys towards finding inner peace and purpose. 3. How does Stony Road resonate with listeners?

By Norman times (1066 -1100) Stony Stratford had become a market town boasting two churches, a market square and Horsefair Green (the latter was not mentioned before 1400). Every year in Stony Stratford just before Michaelmas would be the Annual Hiring Fair (also known as the Statute Fair) - a highlight in the town's calendar with feasting and fun. It was held in the market square, where men and women wearing their finest clothes and neatly presented, from all trades would gather in the hope of securing another year of employment. Michaelmas signalled the end of the harvest when workers would have finished their work in the fields. Servants, farm workers, butlers, cooks etc. would all gather in their designated area of the market place for their profession, wearing an emblem of their trade in their lapel. For example a farm worker may display a piece of corn, and a servant a piece of a mop etc. Cattle was also sold at these fairs. Similar fairs were held all over the country - a notable example being the Stratford upon Avon 'Mop Fair'. While Stony Road may not have reached the same commercial heights as some of Chris Rea’s earlier hits, it remains a beloved and critically acclaimed song. Its profound lyrics and captivating melodies have resonated with fans and continue to be appreciated years after its release. 8. How does Stony Road differ from Chris Rea’s other songs? To read and hear the full story of the effect of the manoeuvres, and the history of Wolverton & New Bradwell in the First World War, see the Living Archive feature " Days of Pride" Rebecca Fletcher (28 September 2002). "Interview: Chris Rea – My Road To Hell; How a Near-Death Experience Made Singer Chris Rea Realise What He Really Wanted out of Life". The Mirror . Retrieved 31 March 2014.For many, Gates’ approach may appear too academic. For me, it was one of the most thorough treatments of this period of history that identified, not only the major elements of “Reconstruction, White Supremacy and the Rise of Jim Crow,” but provides in-depth looks at the persons of color who tried to shape the nation’s response to those retrograde initiatives. 4.5*

The river was made shallower by dropping stones into it, which reinforced the riverbed and made the water more shallow - this could be partly the reason why it was called 'Stony' Stratford. Travellers preferred to cross the Ouse during the safety of daylight and so the hotels and inns benefitted and thrived in the town. On flood days, travellers' journeys could be delayed, which proved more lucrative for the merchants and innkeepers of the town!

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a b c "Middlesbrough superstar Chris Rea speaks exclusively about recovering from illness and his return to touring". ne4me. 5 March 2010. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015 . Retrieved 27 March 2015. The impact which this had is reflected in the photos of the time, such as the one shown here. People stopped amidst the routine of their daily lives to watch the spectacle of the military march-past. Gates discusses at length the debate among people of color as to the path to true freedom. He spotlights Booker T. Washington advocating a focus on economic gains while others, including W.E. B. DuBois formed the Niagara Movement in 1905 and subsequently, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. It is Gates conclusion that: “…cultural constructions not built on or allied with political agency were destined to remain exactly what they’d started as: empty signifiers." Bridges were built and then unmaintained and left to fall into disrepair. Men were expected to give a few days of their time each year to maintenance of the roads. This was very unpopular, as repairs were normally carried out in good weather, just at the time when work was most plentiful on the farms etc. a b Will Hodgkinson (13 September 2002). "Chris Rea interview". The Guardian . Retrieved 13 December 2017.

Overall there is a lot to learn and think about here. What an interesting and extremely relevant point in time. I definitely recommend. a b "Chris Rea - Dancing Down The Stony Road (Limited Germany)". Discogs . Retrieved 13 December 2017.Dogged original research and superb narrative skills come together in this gripping account of pitiless evil. In 1871-1873 Edward Swinfen Harris the Architect built the Church of England School (now the Plough Inn), with the schoolmaster's house to the left, where the Wolverton Road meets Watling Street (now called London Road). One poignant lyric from Stony Road states, “It’s a stony road, trying to be free, that’s the way it goes.” This line encapsulates the challenging nature of the journey towards personal liberation and self-acceptance. 5. How does Chris Rea’s vocal performance enhance the song? In an echo of the Roman legions and medieval armies which had preceded them in earlier centuries, regiments of the British Army marched along the old Watling Street, over the river at Stony Stratford, and on to their final destinations. The town had many spellings and derivations - in 1202 Stony Stratford appears as Stani Stratford. In 1257 Stony Stratford appears to be the accepted form, although Stretteford is quoted in 1290. As early as 1296 the northern section of the town was recorded as Old Stratford. It was 1270 when the first shop is mentioned in Stony Stratford, and then a capital Messuage in 1300. In 1391 a 'grant of pavage' was issued for four years to repair the King's Highway between the two Stratfords (probably Fenny & Stony). It wasn't until 1555 that any national policy was forthcoming - when a Parliamentary act placed obligation upon each Parish for maintaining its own highway by 'Statute Labour' i.e. the labour and equipment to be provided gratuitously for one week in the year by the parishioners working under the (unqualified) Parish Surveyor. In actuality, this probably involved tipping a few loads of stones into the deepest and muddiest holes! The Manorial records show Churchway appearing several times between 1373 and 1386, the Stone Bridge (called Stanbrygge) appears in 1380, Mill Lane (called Millepathus or Myllepath) occurring in 1335. See Map below.

In the USA, this is a time for hope and concern. There are many issues in play regarding race, but the element of racism is at the top of the list. Many of my GR friends know of my interest in what happened to the USA in the 19th century period after the Civil War. This was a war that was fought because the USA could not continue to exist “half slave and half free.” While the victors were generous in many ways, they incorporated the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution to protect the freedom of those former slaves and make sure that they had the full rights of citizenship. It is my belief that the “rise of Jim Crow” and other aspects of white supremacy needs to be fully accepted if we are to have a pluralistic and functional nation. Gates goes through this period combing out the details of incremental reversals that include: the Supreme Court’s mitigation of those Amendments; their overturning of the Civil Rights Act of 1875: the Compromise of 1877; and, its continues to the Wilson administration’s reinstitution of segregation in government offices, and the caustic uses of mass media as propaganda tools against people of color. Watling Street continued to be a major thoroughfare in the late medieval period, being the major road from London to Cheshire and north Wales, also allowing access to Lancashire and the region west of the Pennines. Like the Romans before them, medieval armies marched along it to and from London on campaigns in the English and Welsh regions. Stony Stratford was involved in two key episodes during this period. Part glazed front door, wood effect floor, radiator, understairs storage and stairs rising to first floor and radiator.The number of inns listed is significant, but apart from the Market Square area, there is little development away from Watling Street. The basic structure of the town seen here is still apparent today, while the intriguingly-named "Harlots Path" seems to hint at other local services available to the coaching trade. There are many quotes and direct sources from the timeperiods the author describes and explains. Perhaps too many quotes and not enough of his own words and conclusions, even. This offers ample 'further reading' opportunities but I would rather see more analysis and conclusion than the text being full of other people's speeches. The rise of the railways - and the industry they brought with them - also coincided with poor harvests and a decline in agriculture in the middle decades of the century. The net result was a dramatic growth of towns like Wolverton, New Bradwell and Stony Stratford and a decline in many rural villages - several losing up to 30% of their population. Edward was triumphant and reigned till 1483. His sudden death however brought about another struggle for the throne. His heir Edward V was still a young boy, and on his journey to London for his Coronation was met at Stony Stratford by his uncle Richard of Gloucester (Edward's brother and the nominated "Protector" in Edward's minority) who took him into a protective custody from which he never emerged alive! The general outrage that this caused was one of the contributory factors which saw Richard lose his throne and his life in 1485. For details of the former inn in Stony Stratford where they met, see Point 18 of the Town Tour There then came a period known as the “Harlem Renaissance”, but the true renaissance was not in literary or visual artists.