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Likhovski, Assaf (8 December 2006). Law and Identity in Mandate Palestine. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-7718-0. In the course of the 3rd millennium, therefore, walled towns began to appear throughout Palestine. There is no evidence that the next step of unification under the leadership of a single town took place in the region, as it had in Mesopotamia and Egypt; Palestine’s towns presumably remained independent city-states, except insofar as Egypt may at times have exercised a loose political control. By about the 23rd century bce the whole civilization had ceased to be urban. During the next phase it was pastoral and was influenced by the settlement of nomads probably from east of the Jordan River. Among the nomads, Amorites from the Syrian Desert may have predominated. It is not yet fully understood how these events are related to the creation of the Akkadian empire in Mesopotamia under Sargon of Akkad and his grandson Naram-Sin (24th and 23rd centuries bce) and to the latter’s destruction of the powerful kingdom of Ebla (modern Tall Mardīkh) in neighbouring Syria, nor is the extent of Eblaite and Akkadian hegemony over Palestine in this period known. It does seem reasonable, however, to associate the incursion of nomads from the east with the invasions of Egypt by people from Asia that brought the Old Kingdom to an end. An initial date of 23rd–22nd century bce, depending on the interpretation of the Egyptian evidence, and a final date of the 20th century bce seem probable. Apart from the Religious Courts, the judicial system was modelled on the British one, having a High Court with appellate jurisdiction and the power of review over the Central Court and the Central Criminal Court. Article 7. The Administration of Palestine shall be responsible for enacting a nationality law. There shall be included in this law provisions framed so as to facilitate the acquisition of Palestinian citizenship by Jews who take up their permanent residence in Palestine. [135] Jewish national home Following the arrival of the British, Arab inhabitants established Muslim-Christian Associations in all of the major towns. [13] In 1919 they joined to hold the first Palestine Arab Congress in Jerusalem. [14] It was aimed primarily at representative government and opposition to the Balfour Declaration. [15] Concurrently, the Zionist Commission formed in March 1918 and became active in promoting Zionist objectives in Palestine. On 19 April 1920, elections took place for the Assembly of Representatives of the Palestinian Jewish community. [16]

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The Zionism of Orde", Covenant, vol.3, IDC, archived from the original on 1 August 2014 , retrieved 4 August 2014 U.N. Resolution 181 (II). Future Government of Palestine, Part 1-A, Termination of Mandate, Partition and Independence". Archived from the original on 7 February 2009 . Retrieved 20 May 2017.First Arab Congress 1919 Paris Resolution (in Arabic)" (PDF). ecf.org.il. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2017. Nur Masalha (2018). Palestine A Four Thousand year History. Zed Books. pp.242–245. ISBN 978-1-78699-274-1. Under the British Mandate, the country developed economically and culturally. In 1919, the Jewish community founded a centralised Hebrew school system, and the following year established the Assembly of Representatives, the Jewish National Council and the Histadrut labour federation. The Technion university was founded in 1924, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1925. [178] Cohen-Hattab, Kobi (8 July 2019). Zionism's Maritime Revolution: The Yishuv's Hold on the Land of Israel's Sea and Shores, 1917–1948. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-063352-8. Between 1922 and 1947, the annual growth rate of the Jewish sector of the economy was 13.2%, mainly due to immigration and foreign capital, while that of the Arab was 6.5%. Per capita, these figures were 4.8% and 3.6% respectively. By 1936, Jews earned 2.6 times as much as Arabs. [171] Compared to Arabs in other countries, Palestinian Arabs earned slightly more. [172]

State of Palestine - Wikipedia State of Palestine - Wikipedia

The conquest of Ottoman Syria by British forces in 1917 found a mixed community in the region, with Palestine, the southern part of Ottoman Syria, containing a mixed population of Muslims, Christians, Jews and Druze. In this period, the Jewish community ( Yishuv) in Palestine was composed of traditional Jewish communities in cities (the Old Yishuv), which had existed for centuries, [128] and the newly established agricultural Zionist communities (the New Yishuv), established since the 1870s. With the establishment of the Mandate, the Jewish community in Palestine formed the Zionist Commission to represent its interests. During its existence the territory was officially known simply as Palestine, but, in later years, a variety of other names and descriptors have been used, including Mandatory or Mandate Palestine, the British Mandate of Palestine and British Palestine. ( Arabic: فلسطين الانتدابية Filasṭīn al-Intidābiyah; Hebrew: פָּלֶשְׂתִּינָה (א״י) Pāleśtīnā (E.Y.), where "E.Y." indicates ’Eretz Yiśrā’ēl, the Land of Israel)There were no further censuses but statistics were maintained by counting births, deaths and migration. By the end of 1936 the total population was approximately 1,300,000, the Jews being estimated at 384,000. The Arabs had also increased their numbers rapidly, mainly as a result of the cessation of the military conscription imposed on the country by the Ottoman Empire, the campaign against malaria and a general improvement in health services. In absolute figures their increase exceeded that of the Jewish population, but proportionally, the latter had risen from 13 per cent of the total population at the census of 1922 to nearly 30 per cent at the end of 1936. [164]

Palestine - Ancient, Conflict, Borders | Britannica Palestine - Ancient, Conflict, Borders | Britannica

Partner to Partition: The Jewish Agency's Partition Plan in the Mandate Era, by Yossi Katz, Routledge, 1998, ISBN 978-0-7146-4846-0 In 1926, the British authorities formally decided to use the traditional Arabic and Hebrew equivalents to the English name, i.e. filasţīn (فلسطين) and pālēśtīnā (פּלשׂתינה) respectively. The Jewish leadership proposed that the proper Hebrew name should be ʾĒrēts Yiśrāʾel (ארץ ישׂראל, Land of Israel). The final compromise was to add the initials of the Hebrew proposed name, Alef- Yod, within parenthesis (א״י), whenever the Mandate's name was mentioned in Hebrew in official documents. [10] The Arab leadership saw this compromise as a violation of the mandate terms. Some Arab politicians suggested " Southern Syria" (سوريا الجنوبية) as the Arabic name instead. The British authorities rejected this proposal; according to the Minutes of the Ninth Session of the League of Nations' Permanent Mandates Commission: The following table gives the religious demography of each of the 16 districts of the Mandate in 1945. Paris, Timothy J. (2003). Britain, the Hashemites and Arab Rule, 1920–1925: The Sherifian Solution. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-5451-5.Fair trade provides a vital source of income forPalestinian growers inthe Jordan Valley. For these growers, growing export markets for their produce supports them to retain their lands which are under daily threat from a military occupation and expanding illegal settlements. Las, Nelly. "International Council of Jewish Women". International Council of Jewish Women . Retrieved 20 November 2018.