6V-20V to 12V Step Up Down Converter Boost Buck Voltage Regulator Module for Car Screen, Monitor Camera, Fan, Water Pump, Motor, Router, etc(2A)

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In the OFF state, the inductor is directly connected to the load and energy to the load is provided by the two energy storage elements in the circuit. Hence, our DC component is directly proportional to the duty cycle of switching but inverted. The "increase" in average current makes up for the reduction in voltage, and ideally preserves the power provided to the load. During the off-state, the inductor is discharging its stored energy into the rest of the circuit. If the switch is closed again before the inductor fully discharges (on-state), the voltage at the load will always be greater than zero. Here, when the switch is in the ON state, the input voltage connected to the inductor charges it up and supplies energy to the load.

Because you are using a 3.3V PWM, the P-Channel MOSFET never turns off. Because of this, your output voltage is equal to the input voltage. Being similar in its arrangement, it also works in such a way that the output voltage is adjustable based on the duty cycle of the switch. You can press ALT+ENTER after dragging your curser over the NMOS in your simulation to see the power dissipation. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.DC-DC converters are widely used in portable electronic devices like mobile phones and laptops and are primarily powered with batteries. These applications consist of many sub-circuits which provide different voltage levels to different modules of the system. DC-DC converters also make solar harvesting easier and there are such converters that maximize energy harvesting for solar cells, wind turbines, and more. They are known as power optimizers. To minimize this loss, switching regulators can use Schottky diodes that have a relatively low forward-voltage drop and good reverse recovery. For maximum efficiency, however, you can use a MOSFET switch instead of the diode. This design is known as a "synchronous rectifier" (see Figures 12, 13 and 14). The synchronous rectifier switch is open when the main switch is closed, and the same is true conversely. To prevent cross-conduction (both top and bottom switches are on simultaneously), the switching scheme must be break-before-make. Because of this, a diode is still required to conduct during the interval between the opening of the main switch and the closing of the synchronous-rectifier switch (dead time). When a MOSFET is used as a synchronous switch, the current normally flows in reverse (source to drain), and this allows the integrated body diode to conduct current during the dead time. When the synchronous rectifier switch closes, the current flows through the MOSFET channel. Because of the very low-channel resistance for power MOSFETs, the standard forward drop of the rectifying diode can be reduced to a few millivolts. Synchronous rectification can provide efficiencies well above 90%. One of the largest power-loss factors for switchers is the rectifying diode. The power dissipated is simply the forward voltage drop multiplied by the current going through it. The reverse recovery for silicon diodes can also create loss. These power losses reduce overall efficiency and require thermal management in the form of a heat sink or fan.

There is a more efficient version of DC-DC converters — switch-mode DC-DC converters. Here, the switch-mode technique is used to convert the DC voltage to varying voltage, then rectifying and filtering is done to get the desired voltage. This approach is cheaper and more efficient and it is widely used in almost all portable DC devices and it comes integrated into some chips for direct utilization. In the 1st video the gate got V2=+24V pulses. The mosfet was working as cathode follower. The pulse output to the coil was V2 minus gate treshold voltage. That means +21V pulses to the joint of the diode and coil. Boost converters are widely utilized in consumer electronics to raise and stabilize the sagging voltage of Lithium-ion batteries under load. A new and growing consumer market is the Internet of Things (IoT), a ‘cloud’-based network of wirelessly interconnected devices that frequently include audio, video, smart home and wearable applications. The IoT trend, combined with green energy (the drive to reduce wasted power and move to renewable forms of energy generation), demands that small devices operate autonomously for long periods of time while consuming little power. The MAX17222nanoPower synchronous boost converter fits the bill. The MAX17222 offers a 400mV to 5.5V input range, a 0.5A peak inductor current limit, and an output voltage that is selectable using a single standard 1% resistor. A novel True Shutdown ™ mode yields leakage currents in the nanoampere range, making this a truly nanoPower device! The inductor's main function is to limit the current slew rate through the power switch. This action limits the otherwise high-peak current that would be limited by the switch resistance alone. The key advantage for using an inductor in switching regulators is that an inductor stores energy. This energy can be expressed in Joules as a function of the current by: The power switch was the key to practical switching regulators. Prior to the invention of the Vertical Metal Oxide Semiconductor (VMOS) power switch, switching supplies were generally not practical.In the above circuit, when the switch is open, the inductor is charged with the energy with the help of the generated magnetic field. Now when the switch is closed, the current is reduced because load impedance is higher and the magnetic field is no longer there. So, a series connection is made that causes a higher voltage at the output.