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NT Labs Koi Care Chloramine-T 50g

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Chloramine-t is extremely reactive, and so should only be used in small doses and as a last resort rather than a first response since even low doses can cause issues such as gill burns and stress. Try utilizing more natural methods such as salt baths before resorting to chloramine-t treatments. Also don’t use chloramine-t while using any other medications or treatments (with the exception of salt), as chloramine-t can and likely will react with them and the results could be quite toxic to your fish. Using chloramines benefits over using chlorine, because few organic compounds (trihalomethanes; THM) and other possibly carcinogenic byproducts (halogenic acetic acid; HAA) are formed.

When chloramines are used as a disinfectant, ammonia is added to chlorine treated water. Ammonia is added after chlorine, because this causes CT values to be lower than when ammonia is added primarily.Claxton, George P.; Allen, Lloyd; Grisar, J. Martin (1977). "2,3,4,5-Tetrahydropyridine Trimer". Organic Syntheses. 56: 118. doi: 10.15227/orgsyn.056.0118. Inorganic chloramines comprise three compounds: monochloramine (NH 2Cl), dichloramine (NHCl 2), and nitrogen trichloride (NCl 3). Monochloramine is of broad significance as a disinfectant for water. [3] Organic chloramines [ edit ] N-Chloropiperidine is a rare example of an organic chloramine. [4] Chloramine-T is often referred to as a chloramine, but it is really a salt (CH 3C 6H 4SO 2NClNa) derived from a chloramine. [5] In Massachusetts, research has been carried out to bring to light the death causes of people that used water disinfected by chlorine or chloramines. The results show that the number of people dying from bladder cancer was higher when the water was chlorinated. When water was disinfected by chloramines, people were more likely to die from pneumonia or flues. This may show that chloramines are less effective than chlorine for the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms. P280: Wear protective gloves/ protective clothing/ eye protection/ face protection/ hearing protection. What is water disinfection? Necessity of drinking water disinfection History of water disinfection Waterborne diseases Factors that influence disinfection Conditions of water disinfection Regulation drinking water disinfection EU USA

When chloramines are chemically removed, ammonia may be released. The toxic effect that ammonia has on fish can be prevented by the application of biological filters, natural zeolites and pH-control. The amount of chloramines in the water can be determined by measuring the 'total chlorine' residu. This means measuring the 'total amount of chlorine' or the 'amount of chlorine compounds'.

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Chemical disinfectants Chlorine Sodium hypochlorite Chloramines Chlorine dioxide Copper silver ionization Hydrogen peroxide Bromine Peroxone Peracetic acid M. C. Agrawal, S. P. Mushran. "Mechanism of Oxidation of some Aliphatic Aldehydes by Chloramine-T." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 20 1 (1972): 401–404. Chloramines are applied more and more often in the United States as an alternative for chlorine during secundary disinfection of drinking water. in the year 2002, 20% of the US drinking water production companies used chloramines. The main reason for the transfer from chlorine to chloramines is that chloramines react with organic matter less often than chlorine. ChEBI: An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen. Flammability and Explosibility

a b Nayak, Yogeesha N.; Gaonkar, Santosh L.; Saleh, Ebraheem Abdu Musad; Dawsari, Abdullah Mohammed A. L.; Harshitha; Husain, Kakul; Hassan, Ismail (2022-03-01). "Chloramine-T (N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium salt), a versatile reagent in organic synthesis and analytical chemistry: An up to date review". Journal of Saudi Chemical Society. 26 (2): 101416. doi: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101416. ISSN 1319-6103.The amounts of chlorine and ammonia in the water also influence the origination of chloramines. The chlorine/ ammonia rate is ideally 6:1. During chloramine production the rate is usually 3-5:1. When ammonia concentrations are higher, more di- and trichloramines are formed. Do not use if the pH is below 7, the carbonate hardness (KH) is below 6°dH and/or the general hardness (GH) is below 6°dH. Do not use in bright sunlight or in hot, humid, thundery conditions. It’s incredibly important to note that chloramine-t should only be used under very particular water conditions, and that it can itself impact water quality. In particular, pH and water hardness are the largest impactors of the chemical’s effectiveness – chloramine-t is much more toxic in soft, acidic waters (low alkalinity) ( 1) and so should be used in waters preferably with a pH of 6.5 or greater and moderately hard or hard water greater than 7°dH (130 ppm), assuming the “ hardness” comes primarily from calcium, as calcium carbonate [CaCO3] . If you have soft water, a lower dose will be needed as the chloramine-t will be more reactive. Tert-butyl hypochlorite can be used instead of bleach: [7] R 2NH + t-BuOCl → R 2NCl + t-BuOH Swimming pools [ edit ]

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