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Unfolding Stakeholder Thinking: Theory, Responsibility and Engagement

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These established players were skeptical: Nokia was quoted as saying "we don't see this as a threat", and a member of Microsoft's Windows Mobile team stated "I don't understand the impact that they are going to have. Prototype light bulbs were announced that could be controlled from an Android phone or tablet, but Android head Andy Rubin was cautious to note that "turning a lightbulb on and off is nothing new", pointing to numerous failed home automation services. It is not possible, for example, to turn off the microphone access of the pre-installed camera app without disabling the camera completely. With the advent of the Google Pixel line of devices, Google itself has also made specific Android features timed or permanent exclusives to the Pixel series.

The flash storage on Android devices is split into several partitions, such as /system/ for the operating system itself, and /data/ for user data and application installations. In September 2007, InformationWeek covered an Evalueserve study reporting that Google had filed several patent applications in the area of mobile telephony. As stated by Bloomberg: "As smartphones get more capable, complex and hackable, having the latest software work closely with the hardware is increasingly important". Android still uses a software update chain-of-command designed back when the Android ecosystem had zero devices to update, and it just doesn't work". Android is the most popular operating system for web browsing in India and several other countries (e.

In June 2014, Google announced Android One, a set of "hardware reference models" that would "allow [device makers] to easily create high-quality phones at low costs", designed for consumers in developing countries. In March 2018, it was reported that Google had begun to block "uncertified" Android devices from using Google Mobile Services software, and display a warning indicating that "the device manufacturer has preloaded Google apps and services without certification from Google". Nova wrote that "The Android operating system deals with software packages by sandboxing them; this does not allow applications to list the directory contents of other apps to keep the system safe. However, as community-developed software has grown more popular, and following a statement by the Librarian of Congress in the United States that permits the " jailbreaking" of mobile devices, [232] manufacturers and carriers have softened their position regarding third party development, with some, including HTC, [231] Motorola, [233] Samsung [234] [235] and Sony, [236] providing support and encouraging development. Google later changed its Android specification documents to state that "Touchscreens will be supported", although "the Product was designed with the presence of discrete physical buttons as an assumption, therefore a touchscreen cannot completely replace physical buttons".

During the third quarter of 2012, Android's worldwide smartphone shipment market share was 75%, [354] with 750 million devices activated in total. Mike Chan, co-founder of phone maker Nextbit and former Android developer, said that "The best way to solve this problem is a massive re-architecture of the operating system", "or Google could invest in training manufacturers and carriers 'to be good Android citizens '". The source code for Android is open-source: it is developed in private by Google, with the source code released publicly when a new version of Android is released. Hiroshi Lockheimer, the Android lead, admitted that "It's not an ideal situation", further commenting that the lack of updates is "the weakest link on security on Android". Avast Threat Labs also discovered that many pre-installed apps on several hundred new Android devices contain dangerous malware and adware.Other malware displays unwanted and intrusive advertisements on the device, or sends personal information to unauthorised third parties. Google maintains that dangerous malware is actually extremely rare, [245] and a survey conducted by F-Secure showed that only 0. This made it difficult to port existing Linux applications or libraries to Android, [208] until version r5 of the Android Native Development Kit brought support for applications written completely in C or C++. Leaked documents codenamed Vault 7 and dated from 2013 to 2016, detail the capabilities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to perform electronic surveillance and cyber warfare, including the ability to compromise the operating systems of most smartphones (including Android).

Additionally, Firebase was acquired by Google in 2014 that provides helpful tools for app and web developers. Wireless carriers were described in the report as the "most challenging discussions", due to their slow approval time while testing on their networks, despite some carriers, including Verizon Wireless and Sprint Corporation, already shortening their approval times. Since 2012, Android devices with Intel processors began to appear, including phones [146] and tablets. F-Droid, another alternative marketplace, seeks to only provide applications that are distributed under free and open source licenses.On August 5, 2020, Twitter published a blog urging its users to update their applications to the latest version with regards to a security concern that allowed others to access direct messages.

The main benefits of using Bionic instead of the GNU C Library (glibc) or uClibc are its smaller runtime footprint, and optimization for low-frequency CPUs. In June 2016, a United States federal court ruled in favor of Google, stating that its use of the APIs was fair use. Ron Amadeo of Ars Technica wrote also in August 2015 that "Android was originally designed, above all else, to be widely adopted. Jelly Bean" operating system version, to scan all apps, both from Google Play and from third-party sources, for malicious behaviour. While gaining support for 64-bit platforms, Android was first made to run on 64-bit x86 and then on ARM64.The device codename is usually not visible to the end user, but is important for determining compatibility with modified Android versions. In January 2014, at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Google announced the formation of the Open Automotive Alliance, a group including several major automobile makers ( Audi, General Motors, Hyundai, and Honda) and Nvidia, which aims to produce Android-based in-car entertainment systems for automobiles, "[bringing] the best of Android into the automobile in a safe and seamless way. Java or other JVM languages, such as Kotlin, may be combined with C/C++, [108] together with a choice of non-default runtimes that allow better C++ support.

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