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The Northumbrians: North-East England and Its People: A New History

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Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal.

Hayward, Freddie (26 March 2021). "Can the Northern Independence Party succeed?". New Statesman . Retrieved 26 March 2021. The Lindisfarne Gospels". British Broadcasting Corp. Archived from the original on 11 August 2010 . Retrieved 2 September 2013. Ecgfrith succeeded Oswiu as king of Northumbria in 670. Soon after, the Picts rose in rebellion against Northumbrian subjugation at the Battle of Two Rivers, recorded in the 8th century by Stephen of Ripon, hagiographer of Wilfrid. [6] Ecgfrith was aided by a sub-king, Beornhæth, who may have been a leader of the Southern Picts, [7] and the rebellion ended in disaster for the Northern Picts of Fortriu. Their king, Drest mac Donuel, was deposed and was replaced by Bridei mac Bili. [8] Musician Pete is best known for being co-frontman of the Libertines, which he formed with Carl Barât in 1997.MacLean, Douglas (1997). "King Oswald's wooden Cross at Heavenfield in Context". In Catherine E. Karkov; Michael Ryan; Robert T. Farrell (eds.). The Insular Tradition: A Resource Manual. SUNY Press. pp.79–98. ISBN 978-0-7914-3455-0. Richards, J.D. (1 January 1991). Book of Viking Age England. B.T. Batsford. ISBN 978-0-7134-6519-8. Overall, English place-names dominate the Northumbrian landscape, suggesting the prevalence of an Anglo-Saxon elite culture by the time that Bede – Anglo-Saxon England's most prominent historian – was writing in the eighth century. [14] [15] According to Bede, the Angles were the predominant Germanic immigrants, who settled north of the Humber and gained political prominence during this time period. [16] While the British natives may have partially assimilated into the Northumbrian political structure, relatively contemporary textual sources such as Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People depict relations between Northumbrians and the British as fraught. [17] Unification of Bernicia and Deira [ edit ] While violent conflicts between Bernicia and Deira played a significant part in determining which line ultimately gained supremacy in Northumbria, marriage alliances also helped bind these two territories together. Æthelfrith married Edwin's sister Acha, although this marriage did little to prevent future squabbles between the brothers-in-law and their descendants. The second intermarriage was more successful, with Oswiu marrying Edwin's daughter and his own cousin Eanflæd to produce Ecgfrith, the beginning of the Northumbrian line. However, Oswiu had another relationship with an Irish woman named Fina which produced the problematic Aldfrith. [26] In his Life and Miracles of St. Cuthbert, Bede declares that Aldfrith, known as Fland among the Irish, was illegitimate and therefore unfit to rule. [28] Northumbria and Norse settlement [ edit ] England in 878. The independent rump of the former Kingdom of Northumbria (yellow) was to the north of the Danelaw (pink).

Veitch, K (1997). "The Columban Church in northern Britain, 664–717: a reassessment" (PDF). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 127: 627–647. doi: 10.9750/PSAS.127.627.647. S2CID 59506331. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2008 . Retrieved 3 September 2009. He found fame with ITV’s Soldier Soldier in 1995 when he sang a duet of Unchained Melody with Jerome Flynn. Pächt, Otto (1986). Book Illumination in the Middle Ages: An Introduction. H. Miller Pub. ISBN 978-0-19-921060-2. In addition to the five languages present in Bede's day, Old Norse was added during the ninth century. This was due to the settlements of the Norse in the north and east of England, an area that became the Danelaw. [132] This language had a strong influence on the dialect of Northumbria. [133] These settlers gave the region many place-names from their language as well as contributing to the vocabulary, syntax, and grammar of Old English. Similarities in basic vocabulary between Old English and Old Norse may have led to dropping of their different inflectional endings. [134] The number of borrowed words is conservatively estimated to be around nine-hundred in standard English but rises to the thousands in some dialects. [135] See also [ edit ] Allot, Stephen (1974). Alcuin of York: His Life and Letters. William Sessions Limited. ISBN 978-0900657214.Baugh, Albert C. (2002). A History of the English Language (5ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415280990. Williams, Ann; Smyth, Alfred P.; Kirby, D.P. (1991). "Athelstan, king of Wessex 924-39". A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain: England, Scotland, and Wales, C. 500–c. 1050. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-1-85264-047-7.

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