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Demons of Urban Reform: Early European Witch Trials and Criminal Justice, 1430-1530 (Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic)

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Ezana closed the session by highlighting the necessity of further research and deliberations around urban reform coalitions, to advance our strategic understanding of how to sustain urban coalitions as reform agendas change, manage expectations among coalition partners – considering the slow pace of reform – and resolve conflicts of interests among coalition members and external stakeholders. A brand-new flexible zoning code designed by national and devolved governments for local governments to use in local plans, with a small number of different mixed-use zones corresponding to different types of neighbourhood. For example, skyscrapers would be suitable in a city centre zone and polluting industrial activity in industrial zones, but neither would be allowed alongside homes and light commercial uses in a suburban living zone. England’s system is internationally unusual – most other countries do not have construction bans outside their biggest and most innovative cities, and instead have rules-based planning systems where applications that follow the local plan must be granted planning permission. Introducing these rules-based decision-making processes is the key goal of planning reform. The UK Government published a compendium of guidance to local government on coronavirus, including on planning and building safety. The July 2020 update from the chief planner(PDF) at MHCLG outlined the recent changes. Property consultants Lichfields also published an overview of the recent changes, with links to articles offering further commentary. December 2020 consultation on permitted development rights

In many instances, the Government has committed to doing further work to develop its proposals and more detail is expected in the planning white paper. Padraic Burke, "To Market, To Market," Historic Preservation 29 (January–March 1977): 38; Robert A. Sauder, "Municipal Markets in New Orleans," Journal of Cultural Geography 21 (Fall/Winter 1981): 91–95; Spitzer and Baum, Public Markets and Community Revitalization, p. 11. There was, though, some fierce criticism. In an open letter (PDF) issued shortly after the Prime Minister’s “build, build, build” speech, the chief executive of the Royal Town Planning Institute (RTPI), Victoria Hills, voiced concern about the approach that the white paper was expected to take and the “planner bashing rhetoric” and argued that sweeping away the planning system was not the right response. The Campaign to Protect Rural England voiced concerns about how community involvement would work within a zoning system and “missed chances” around carbon-neutral, affordable housing. The housing charity, Shelter, expressed concern at the reforms’ potential impact on social housing. The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, argued that the changes would be a “disaster for London” and a “nakedly ideological assault on local democracy”. Review of the current planning system Dean continued: “We’re launching a new service at Exchange Quay with AJ Bell to offer a wellbeing service for all their staff, as well as working with Capital and Centric to provide services for their residents.The Urban Reform Movement in the 19th century has led to positive changes in urban planning but also cemented the rigid social classes in American society. A large portion of the Urban Reform movement was led by Protestant reformers who instilled their own measures of moral purity such as temperance. However, the general living conditions of the urban poor did improve with the efforts of the Urban Reform Movement. A morally motivated reform movement has inherent issues, but the urban reform movement did allow for poor Americans to access services previously unavailable. These efforts were a combination of direct service and political activism. Political Activism for Legislative Change

Faster decisions on applications for planning permission: for relevant planning applications, the statutory period for determination would be reduced from 13 weeks (or 16 weeks in the case of development requiring an Environmental Impact Assessment) to 10 weeks A new PDR to allow change of use from the new use class E (commercial, business and service) to C3 residential On 16 December 2020, the Government published its response on local housing need, alongside a written ministerial statement. The multifaceted fitness centre has been a smash-hit with Mancs throughout 2020 and into 2021 / Credit: The Manc GroupCentre for Cities has previously set out a proposal for planning reform that would replace the current discretionary planning system with a new flexible zoning system. Local Plans and Local Transport Plans – which are currently different documents – should be merged into the same document, so that planning for development requires planning for infrastructure and vice versa. Sections 1.5 and 2.1 of this briefing and parts of the summary, dealing with housing requirement and the standard method, and section 6 (formerly section 1.15) on further reading were updated on 8 October 2020. Building on deliberations from the conference, we held a webinar in September 2023 to discuss the role that academics, action researchers and professionals can play in fostering the formation and functioning of urban reform coalitions. In doing so, we wanted to give special focus to how knowledge and evidence can catalyse urban reform coalitions. Progressive reformers also looked for ways in which public markets-old and new—might contribute to improved public hygiene and social conditions. In 1916 Donald Armstrong, speaking before the American Medical Association, argued that public markets were more efficient than "individualistic" food retailing establishments at maintaining public hygiene. By bringing producer and consumer together under one roof, said Armstrong, local government could not only effect economies of scale and eliminate the cost of delivery but also enhance the "directness and simplicity with which the sanitary control can be established." 45

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