Fortress of the Muslim (Pocket Size)

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Alhambra | Palace, Fortress, Facts, Map, & Pictures | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022 . Retrieved 25 February 2022. During the Nasrid era, the Alhambra was a self-contained city separate from the rest of Granada below. [6] It contained most of the amenities of a Muslim city such as a Friday mosque, hammams (public baths), roads, houses, artisan workshops, a tannery, and a sophisticated water supply system. [11] [12] As a royal city and citadel, it contained at least six major palaces, most of them located along the northern edge where they commanded views over the Albaicín quarter. [6] The most famous and best-preserved are the Mexuar, the Comares Palace, the Palace of the Lions, and the Partal Palace, which form the main attraction to visitors today. The other palaces are known from historical sources and from modern excavations. [13] [14] At the Alhambra's western tip is the Alcazaba fortress. Multiple smaller towers and fortified gates are also located along the Alhambra's walls. Outside the Alhambra walls and located nearby to the east is the Generalife, a former Nasrid country estate and summer palace accompanied by historic orchards and modern landscaped gardens. [15] [12] you say this in the evening you should say: Rabbi 'as'aluka khayra maa fee haathihil-laylati, wa khayra maa ba'dahaa, wa 'a'oothu bika min sharri maa fee haathihil-laylati wa sharri maa ba'dahaa: "I ask You for the good things of this night and of the nights that come after it and I seek refuge in You from the evil of this night and of the nights that come after it."

Some scholarly descriptions of the palaces treat the Mexuar as merely one part of the larger Comares Palace. [136] [137] The Comares Palace itself is centered around the Patio de los Arrayanes ('Court of the Myrtles'), a courtyard measuring 23 to 23.5 metres wide and 36.6 metres long, with its long axis aligned roughly north-to-south. [149] At the middle, aligned with the main axis of the court, is a wide reflective pool. The pool measures 34 metres long and 7,10 meters wide. [150] The myrtle bushes that are the court's namesake grow in hedges along either side of this pool. Two ornate porticos are situated at the north and south ends of the court, leading to further halls and rooms behind them. The court's decoration contained eleven qasā'id by Ibn Zamrak, eight of which remain. [111] Annexed to the east side of the palace are the Comares Baths, a royal hammam that is exceptionally well-preserved. [151] Allah has promised that anyone who says this three times every morning or evening will be pleased on the Day of Resurrection." Ahmad 4/ 337, An-Nasa'i, 'Amalul-Yawm wal-Laylah p. 4, Ibn As-Sunni (no. 68), At-Tirmithi 5/465. Its chain of transmission is good (Hasan), Ibn Baz, p. 39. Fournier, Caroline (2016). Les Bains d'al-Andalus: VIIIe-XVe siècle. Histoire. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes. ISBN 9782753555457. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022 . Retrieved 11 February 2022.O Allah , I have entered a new morning 1 and call upon You and upon the bearers of Your Throne , upon Your angels and all creation to bear witness that surely You are Allah , there is none worthy of worship but You alone , You have no partners, and that Muhammad is Your slave and Your Messenger . (Recite four times in Arabic.) 2 With the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Say: He is Allah (the) One. The Self-Sufficient Master, Whom all creatures need, He begets not nor was He begotten, and there is none equal to Him. Allaahumma 'innee 'a'oo thu bika minal-kufri, walfaqri, wa 'a'oo thu bika min 'a thaabil-qabri, laa 'ilaaha 'illaa 'Anta. (three times) The canal was known as the Sāqiyat al-Sulṭān in Arabic ( Arabic: ساقية السلطان, lit.'canal of the sultan'; Spanish: Acequia del Sultan), but after the Nasrid period it became known in Spanish as the Acequia del Rey ('Canal of the King') or the Acequia Real ('Royal Canal'). [36]

Mathematics in Art and Architecture". Math.nus.edu.sg. Archived from the original on 7 May 2015 . Retrieved 4 April 2012. Muhammad V's reign (1354–1391, with interruptions) marked the political and cultural apogee of the Nasrid emirate as well as the apogee of Nasrid architecture. [47] [17] Particularly during his second reign (after 1362), there was a stylistic shift towards more innovative architectural layouts and an extensive use of complex muqarnas vaulting. [17] [44] [48] His most significant contribution to the Alhambra was the construction of the Palace of the Lions to the east of the Comares Palace in an area previously occupied by gardens. He also remodeled the Mexuar, created the highly-decorated "Comares Façade" in the Patio del Cuarto Dorado, and redecorated the Court of the Myrtles, giving these areas much of their final appearance. [49] After Muhammad V, relatively little major construction work occurred in the Alhambra. One exception is the Torre de las Infantas, which dates from the time of Muhammad VII (1392–1408). [39] The 15th century saw the Nasrid dynasty in decline and in turmoil, with few significant construction projects and a more repetitive, less innovative style of architecture. [50] [44] Reconquista and Christian Spanish period [ edit ] The Torre de la Polvóra at the Alcazaba, an example of a tower reinforced with curved ramparts in the 16th century to better defend against modern artillery [51] During the Nasrid period there were several other country estates and palaces to the east of the Alhambra and the Generalife, located on the mountainside and taking advantage of the water supply system which ran through this area. The two best-known examples are the Palacio de los Alijares and the Dar al-'Arusa (Arabic: دار العروس, lit.'House of the Bride'), both of which were built in the 14th century and then abandoned some time after the 1492 conquest. Only traces of them remain today. They were probably richly decorated like the Alhambra palaces and were accompanied by gardens and amenities like hammams. [223] Also nearby is the Silla del Moro ('Seat of the Moor'), a ruined structure on the hilltop overlooking the Generalife. It was once a fort and monitoring post that protected the water supply infrastructure in this area. [224] Water supply system [ edit ] Aqueduct of the Acequia Real, which brings water into the Alhambra's walled enclosure (on the right)

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The architecture of the Nasrid palaces reflects the tradition of Moorish architecture developed over previous centuries. [16] [14] It is characterized by the use of the courtyard as a central space and basic unit around which other halls and rooms were organized. [17] Courtyards typically had water features at their center, such as a reflective pool or a fountain. Decoration was focused on the inside of the building and was executed primarily with tile mosaics on lower walls and carved stucco on the upper walls. Geometric patterns, vegetal motifs, and Arabic inscriptions were the main types of decorative motifs. Additionally, "stalactite"-like sculpting, known as muqarnas, was used for three-dimensional features like vaulted ceilings. [13] [17] Panorama of the Alhambra from Mirador de San Nicolas. From left to right: Generalife, Veleta mountain, Nasrid Palaces, Palace of Charles V, and Alcazaba Night view of Alhambra from Mirador de San Nicolas Panorama of the Alhambra Etymology [ edit ] The Arabic word zellij gave rise to the Spanish word azulejos, but the latter is now used to designate various ceramic artwork more generally. [102] Bismillaahir-Rahmaanir-Raheem. Qul 'a'oo thu birabbin-naas. Malikin-naas. 'Ilaahin-naas. Min sharril-waswaasil-khannaas. Alla thee yuwaswisu fee sudoorin-naas. Minal-jinnati wannaas.

Asbahnaa wa 'asbahal-mulku lillaahi Rabbil-'aalameen, Allaahumma 'innee 'as'aluka khayra haa thal-yawmi: Fathahu wa nasrahu wa noorahu, wa barakatahu, wa hudaahu, wa'a'oo thu bika min sharri maafeehi wa sharri maa ba'dahu. a b c McSweeney, Anna (2015). "Versions and Visions of the Alhambra in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman World". West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture. 22 (1): 44–69. doi: 10.1086/683080. ISSN 2153-5531. JSTOR 10.1086/683080. S2CID 194180597.

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Allaahumma 'aafinee fee badanee, Allaahumma 'aafinee fee sam'ee, Allaahumma 'aafinee fee basaree, laa 'ilaaha 'illaa 'Anta (three times). O Allah , I seek refuge in You from disbelief and poverty and I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave . There is none worthy of worship but You. (Recite three times in Arabic.) The gate of the pomegranates". Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife. Archived from the original on 10 February 2022 . Retrieved 10 February 2022.