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Melion, Walter; Zell, Michael; Woodall, Joanna (2017). Ut pictura amor: The Reflexive Imagery of Love in Artistic Theory and Practice, 1500–1700. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p.240. ISBN 978-9-004-34646-8. Tambling, Jeremy (2017), Histories of the Devil: From Marlowe to Mann and the Manichees, London: Palgrave Macmillan Publishers Ltd., doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-51832-3, ISBN 978-1-137-51832-3 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Unsworth, Cathi (2 November 2015). "Rather Be the Devil by Ian Rankin review – Rebus is on the case and off the cigarettes". The Guardian . Retrieved 13 November 2016.
Colin Larkin, ed. (1995). The Guinness Who's Who of Blues (Seconded.). Guinness Publishing. p.197/9. ISBN 0-85112-673-1. Ronald L. Eisenberg Dictionary of Jewish Terms: A Guide to the Language of Judaism Taylor Trade Publications 2011; ISBN 978-1-589-79729-1, p. 356. And I threw him out from the height with his angels, and he was flying in the air continuously above the bottomless" – 2 Enoch 29:4 Use italics (lyric) and bold (lyric) to distinguish between different vocalists in the same song part Solid Air is the fourth studio album by Scottish singer-songwriter John Martyn, released in February 1973 by Island Records.
John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost features Satan as its main protagonist. [261] [262] Milton portrays Satan as a tragic antihero destroyed by his own hubris. [262] The poem, which draws extensive inspiration from Greek tragedy, [263] recreates Satan as a complex literary character, [264] who dares to rebel against the "tyranny" of God, [265] [266] in spite of God's own omnipotence. [265] [267] The English poet and painter William Blake famously quipped that "The reason Milton wrote in fetters when he wrote of Angels & God, and at liberty when of Devils & Hell, is because he was a true poet and of the Devils party without knowing it." [268] Paradise Regained, the sequel to Paradise Lost, is a retelling of Satan's temptation of Jesus in the desert. [269] Schimmel, Annemarie (1993). The Triumphal Sun: A Study of the Works of Jalaloddin Rumi. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. p.255. ISBN 978-0-791-41635-8.
The devil is the evil spirit of the lower places, as a fugitive he made Sotona from the heavens as his name was Satanail, thus he became different from the angels, but his nature did not change his intelligence as far as his understanding of righteous and sinful things" – 2 Enoch 31:4Medieval Christians were known to adapt previously existing pagan iconography to suit depictions of Christian figures. [277] [273] Much of Satan's traditional iconography in Christianity appears to be derived from Pan, [277] [273] a rustic, goat-legged fertility god in ancient Greek religion. [277] [273] Early Christian writers such as Saint Jerome equated the Greek satyrs and the Roman fauns, whom Pan resembled, with demons. [277] [273] The Devil's pitchfork appears to have been adapted from the trident wielded by the Greek god Poseidon [273] and Satan's flame-like hair seems to have originated from the Egyptian god Bes. [273] By the High Middle Ages, Satan and devils appear in all works of Christian art: in paintings, sculptures, and on cathedrals. [279] Satan is usually depicted naked, [273] but his genitals are rarely shown and are often covered by animal furs. [273] The goat-like portrayal of Satan was especially closely associated with him in his role as the object of worship by sorcerers [280] and as the incubus, a demon believed to rape human women in their sleep. [280] Plantinga, Richard J.; Thompson, Thomas J.; Lundberg, Matthew D. (2010), An Introduction to Christian Theology, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-69037-9 Rebhorn Wayne A. "The Humanist Tradition and Milton's Satan: The Conservative as Revolutionary", SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900, Vol. 13, No. 1, The English Renaissance (Winter, 1973), pp.81–93 in JSTOR
During the Early Modern Period, Christians gradually began to regard Satan as increasingly powerful [155] and the fear of Satan's power became a dominant aspect of the worldview of Christians across Europe. [146] [148] During the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther taught that, rather than trying to argue with Satan, Christians should avoid temptation altogether by seeking out pleasant company; [158] Luther especially recommended music as a safeguard against temptation, since the Devil "cannot endure gaiety." [158] John Calvin repeated a maxim from Saint Augustine that "Man is like a horse, with either God or the devil as rider." [159] Mâturîdî, Te’vîlât,t, 1: 116.; Vehbe Zuhayli, Tefsîrü’l-münîr, trc. Ahmet Efe v.dğr. (İstanbul: Risale Yay., 2008), 8: 236–237
Wicca is a modern, syncretic Neopagan religion, [243] whose practitioners many Christians have incorrectly assumed to worship Satan. [243] In actuality, Wiccans do not believe in the existence of Satan or any analogous figure [243] and have repeatedly and emphatically rejected the notion that they venerate such an entity. [243] The cult of the skeletal figure of Santa Muerte, which has grown exponentially in Mexico, [244] [245] has been denounced by the Catholic Church as Devil-worship. [246] However, devotees of Santa Muerte view her as an angel of death created by God, [247] and many of them identify as Catholic. [248] Graham A. Cole (ThD, Australian College of Theology) is emeritus dean and emeritus professor of biblical and systematic theology at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. An ordained Anglican minister, he has served in two parishes and was formerly the principal of Ridley College. Graham lives in Australia with his wife, Jules. The main deity in the tentatively Indo-European pantheon of the Yazidis, Melek Taus, is similar to the devil in Christian and Islamic traditions, as he refused to bow down before humanity. [239] [240] Therefore, Christians and Muslims often consider Melek Taus to be Satan. [239] [240] However, rather than being Satanic, Yazidism can be understood as a remnant of a pre-Islamic Middle Eastern Indo-European religion, and/or a ghulat Sufi movement founded by Shaykh Adi. In fact, there is no entity in Yazidism which represents evil in opposition to God; such dualism is rejected by Yazidis. [241] Schaff, D. S. "Devil" in New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (1911), Mainline Protestant; vol 3 pp.414–417 online Various Mojo Magazine (1 November 2007). The Mojo Collection: 4th Edition. Canongate Books. p.302. ISBN 978-1-84767-643-6.
Mormonism developed its own views on Satan. According to the Book of Moses, the Devil offered to be the redeemer of mankind for the sake of his own glory. Conversely, Jesus offered to be the redeemer of mankind so that his father's will would be done. After his offer was rejected, Satan became rebellious and was subsequently cast out of heaven. [175] In the Book of Moses, Cain is said to have "loved Satan more than God" [176] and conspired with Satan to kill Abel. It was through this pact that Cain became a Master Mahan. [177] The Book of Moses also says that Moses was tempted by Satan before calling upon the name of the " Only Begotten", which caused Satan to depart. Douglas Davies asserts that this text "reflects" the temptation of Jesus in the Bible. [178] Lewis, James R. (2001), Satanism Today: An Encyclopedia of Religion, Folklore, and Popular Culture, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, ISBN 1-57607-759-4 James' distinctive sound is based on his unique use of open D-minor tuning that gives his songs a somber and profound character. In addition to his unique tuning, Skip James utilized a broader range of registers than other blues guitarists of his time.
Bahá (1982) [1912], The Promulgation of Universal Peace, Wilmette, IL: Baháʼí Publishing Trust, pp.294–295, ISBN 0-87743-172-8 Hasan of Basra, an eminent Muslim theologian who lived in the seventh century AD, was quoted as saying: "Iblis was not an angel even for the time of an eye wink. He is the origin of Jinn as Adam is of Mankind." [198] The medieval Persian scholar Abu Al-Zamakhshari states that the words angels and jinn are synonyms. [199] Another Persian scholar, Al-Baydawi, instead argues that Satan hoped to be an angel, [199] but that his actions made him a jinn. [199] Abu Mansur al-Maturidi who is reverred as the founder of Maturidiyyah Sunni orthodoxy ( kalam) argued that since angels can be blessed by God, they are also put to a test and can be punished. Accordingly, Satan became a devil ( shaiṭān) or jinn after he refused to obey. [200] Other Islamic scholars argue that Satan was a jinn who was admitted into Paradise as a reward for his righteousness and, unlike the angels, was given the choice to obey or disobey God. When he was expelled from Paradise, Satan blamed humanity for his punishment. [201] Concerning the fiery origin of Iblis, Zakariya al-Qazwini and Muhammad ibn Ahmad Ibshihi [202] state that all supernatural creatures originated from fire but the angels from its light and the jinn from its blaze, thus fire denotes a disembodiment origin of all spiritual entities. [203] Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi argued that only the angels of mercy are created from light, but angels of punishment have been created from fire. [204] Rankin has spent nearly three decades in the company of Rebus, about 10 years longer than Chandler with Marlowe, and this relationship shows no sign of medical emergency. Following novels establishing the characters of Clarke and Fox alongside Rebus and his archenemy, Big Ger, the more recent cast members now feel as credible as Rebus himself and the sparks of their interaction create an atmosphere as rich as the plot, boding well for the future. Peterson, Robert A. (2012), Salvation Accomplished by the Son: The Work of Christ, Wheaton, Illinois: Crossway, ISBN 978-1-4335-2360-1
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