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Clasps of type A.4.1 are rare, and some (such as NLM-0A25E8) may be incomplete examples of type A.4.2. There are a few examples which clearly never had the pierced lug, though, and these include SF3887. Five book clasps of Howsam type A.4.2. Left, top to bottom: SUR-6DA691 and NMS-280856. Centre left: BERK-2C8241. Centre: BH-87AE0C. Centre right, top: SF-12E8D6. Below is a type A.4.1 which may in fact be an incomplete type A.4.2 ( NLM-0A25E8). Right, a definite example of a type A.4.1 ( SF3887).
Our new Large Communication Book for my 3 year old is red, my eldest has two identical blue books for home and school. We are hoping that they will get used to having different colours and recognise they have one each. Whilst many of the PECS cards are the same, the boys have very different preferences especially with food. As my youngest is getting better at communicating those preferences the cards needed in his book are changing.
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Despite these caveats, we can say a little about dating. Circular domed bosses with tabs (Howsam type B.1.2) are known from 14th- to 16th-century contexts ( Howsam 2016, 92). Egan 1998, no. 926 is from a context of c. 1350-1400 AD, and Ottaway and Rogers 2002, 2939, no. 14483 is from Period 7 at Bedern (mid 14th to early 15th century). A similar date-range is suggested for square mounts with bosses (Howsam type B.1.3; Howsam 2016, 95) with examples from 15th-century contexts in London ( Egan 1998, nos. 927-8). Square mounts also come in flanged and tabbed varieties. The flanged type (B.1.3) can have either a square or a circular dome. The tabbed type (B.1.4) has a square dome. Square book mounts. Left, two examples of type B.1.3 with flange. Above, circular dome ( WAW-E7D470); below, square dome ( DENO-0E6346, not certainly from a book). Right, two examples of type B.1.4 with tabs. Above, DOR-3F00F1; below, with square dome in the shape of an animal head, SUSS-CBF7E7. As usual with standards and generalisations, the rare exceptions to the rule are of particular interest. Thus, we learn about a few schools that used the US-style paddle instead of the strap, and some (pretty well all private) ones where the English-style cane prevailed.
This type has an integral hollow attachment plate. Howsam sub-divides it into two types; A.9.1 with a dome over the perforation, and A.9.2 with a lozenge. My son was 2 when our speech and language therapist introduced us to the Picture Exchange Commmunication System. It was hard to implement with my eldest but it mades so much difference having a way for him to communicate what he wants. I think at this point I still thought he would just start to speak one day.The hooked type of book clasp is generally flatter and flimsier than the pierced type. We know of examples in place on books of the 15th and 16th centuries, and the decoration suggests that they begin in the late medieval period but perhaps become more popular in the 16th century.
Birching was also used at the Royal Hibernian Military School in Dublin, but a six-foot-long bamboo cane was the more usual instrument of punishment there. This seems unusually long for a cane. As in the Navy, the word "cuts" rather than "strokes" was officially used as the unit of measurement, as these extracts from the punishment books show: Type A.8, which is defined as being made from folded sheet metal, comes in both pierced and hooked forms.
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Book clasp’ is not included in the mda thesaurus, so we use BOOK FITTING instead, with ‘clasp’ in the classification field. PAS object classifications and sub-classifications to be used No certain examples of type B.1.1 have yet been recorded on the PAS database, despite it being the most common type of mount in Howsam’s catalogue; they may be difficult to distinguish from harness mounts. There are also no examples of type B.2.1 identified as book mounts on the PAS database. Circular book mounts (or those with circular domes). Top left, the most common type on the PAS database ( WILT-934CC6). Bottom left, another very common type ( HAMP-1D6833). Top right, ESS-7DBEE5. All these are of Howsam type B.1.2. Bottom right, an example of type B.2.2 ( SF7564). Type A.10 does not include all one-piece book clasps; it is a catch-all for those which do not fall into other types. Those made from a folded sheet belong to A.8, and those with hollow plates belong to A.9. Corner mounts are Howsam type B.4. They can be divided into square mounts with one or two down-turned edges (type B.4.1) and L-shaped flat mounts (type B.4.2). A third type, L-shaped with down-turned edges (type B.4.3), is not yet represented on the PAS database. This was easily the best course I have been to in relation to supporting my son. Whilst it is primarily about using PECS it did cover other strategies that have been incredibly helpful. Parents get a cheaper rate to attend so it is worth asking about the price. Attendees also get the PECS manual included which I regularly refer to even now 3 years later. 1-1 Consultation
When my son was 3 and his younger brother was 1, I will happily admit I was stuggling on a daily basis. My Dad offered to pay for 1-1 Consultation with PECS. It wasn’t cheap but we were paying to work with the experts and it was really worth it. We ended up having two amazing PECS consultants work with us for a week at the PECS clinic in Brighton. This really helped me to be confident that I knew what I was doing and we were supported to move my son on to the later PECS stages. It also really helped my husband to learn how to use PECS properly as he hadn’t been on the course.
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The universe of discourse for this work is a tad vague at first glance. The blurb gives the impression that it might be about boy soldiers the world over. And, goodness knows, there are still plenty of them fighting terrible wars in awful places like Africa and the Middle East. A cookie set by YouTube to measure bandwidth that determines whether the user gets the new or old player interface. Howsam divides these into three types, A.5.1 with a central hinge loop, A.5.2 with two hinge loops, and A.5.3 with a central hinge loop and separate pierced lug on top. So far only type A.5.1 has been recorded on the PAS database. Book clasps of Howsam type A.5.1 ( KENT-9565A3 and HAMP-4EF407).
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