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Applications [ edit ] Communications [ edit ] Teletype 33 Automatic Send and Receive teleprinter with paper tape in both the reader and the punch Paper tape relay operation at US FAA's Honolulu flight service station in 1964 Encoding [ edit ] The word "Wikipedia", and a CR/LF as 7-bit ASCII, without a parity bit, least significant bit on the right—e.g. "W" is 1010111
Punched card - Wikipedia Punched card - Wikipedia
Paper, as with any artistic material, can be a personal choice, and there are a few different options. I will break down some items to consider when choosing animation paper, as well as sharing what I prefer to use myself and my reasons why.Lee, John A. N. "Charles A. Phillips". Computer Pioneers. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. p.557 . Retrieved 2018-11-06. Discarded printing plates from these card presses, each printing plate the size of an IBM card and formed into a cylinder, often found use as desk pen/pencil holders, and even today are collectible IBM artifacts (every card layout [74] had its own printing plate). In the 1970s, computer-aided manufacturing equipment often used paper tape. A paper tape reader was smaller and less expensive than Hollerith card or magnetic tape readers, and the medium was reasonably reliable in a manufacturing environment. Paper tape was an important storage medium for computer-controlled wire-wrap machines, for example. IBM's Fred M. Carroll [71] developed a series of rotary presses that were used to produce punched cards, including a 1921 model that operated at 460 cards per minute (cpm). In 1936 he introduced a completely different press that operated at 850 cpm. [22] [72] Carroll's high-speed press, containing a printing cylinder, revolutionized the company's manufacturing of punched cards. [73] It is estimated that between 1930 and 1950, the Carroll press accounted for as much as 25 percent of the company's profits. [21] Punched tape was used as a way of storing messages for teletypewriters. Operators typed in the message to the paper tape, and then sent the message at the maximum line speed from the tape. This permitted the operator to prepare the message "off-line" at the operator's best typing speed, and permitted the operator to correct any error prior to transmission. An experienced operator could prepare a message at 135 words per minute (WPM) or more for short periods.
Paper Guide — Studio Technique Animation Paper Guide — Studio Technique
Cortada, James W. [at Wikidata] (2019). IBM: The Rise and Fall and Reinvention of a Global Icon. MIT Press. p.68. ISBN 978-0-262-03944-4. a b Pinker, Steven Arthur (2007). The Stuff of Thought. Viking. p.362. (NB. Notes the loss of -ed in pronunciation as it did in ice cream, mincemeat, and box set, formerly iced cream, minced meat, and boxed set.)When buying paper for your home or office, you need to consider size (A3, A4, etc.), paper weight (gsm which stands for 'grams per square metre'), colour and your printer (inkjet, laser). Roberts, Steven. "3. Cooke and Wheatstone". Distant Writing: A History of the Telegraph Companies in Britain between 1838 and 1868. Smid, Peter (2010). CNC Control Setup for Milling and Turning: Mastering CNC Control Systems. Industrial Press. p.20. ISBN 978-0-8311-3350-4.
Punched tape - Wikipedia Punched tape - Wikipedia
Sinha, Naresh K. (1986-06-30). Microprocessor-Based Control Systems. Springer. p.264. ISBN 978-90-277-2287-4. The paper tapes could be toughened to a degree, but that led to a dilemma. The tougher you make the paper the more you reduce its flexibility. Some paper tapes I’ve seen employed quite a heavyweight paper with a waxy finish in an effort to make them more robust and at least a little waterproof. Some of the more expensive paper tapes were actually a sandwich of paper, a stretched polyester film, and paper. Where Did Punched Paper Tapes Come From? Machines being fed information from perforated paper or card were in use as long ago as the early 1700s when punched cards were used to control automated looms. The punched cards were joined together in a long flexible belt that was fed through the loom control machinery to dictate the pattern that was woven. Effectively, they behaved like a clunky punched paper tape. Genuine punched paper tape was introduced In 1725. The idea of control and data storage via punched holes was developed independently on several occasions in the modern period. In most cases there is no evidence that each of the inventors was aware of the earlier work.
Some tape readers were standalone devices, connected to the main computer by a harness of cabling. These readers were often used with concertina or fan-folded paper tape. It was rare to see them used with spools of paper tape. Although you could, of course, unspool the paper tape loosely into a container like a cardboard box let the reader whip through the length of the tape, and let it stream out the other side into another handy box.
Xerox A4 Business 4-Hole Punched Paper, White, 80gsm, Ream
Some suppliers offer a mid tier standard quality of paper. It is not made for high end professional use, but it is still reliable in most cases and good for lower end productions or student work. As an aid to humans who had to deal with the punched cards, the IBM 026 and later 029 and 129 key punch machines could print human-readable text above each of the 80 columns. Semyon Korsakov was reputedly the first to propose punched cards in informatics for information store and search. Korsakov announced his new method and machines in September 1832. [8] Our extensive office paper range includes stationery and digital imaging stalwarts such as Xerox, Canon, HP, Navigator (the world's favourite paper brand) and everybody's favourite budget office supplies offering, 5 Star.Reference Manual 1401 Data Processing System (PDF). IBM. April 1962. p.10. A24-1403-5. The IBM 1402 Card Read-Punch provides the system with simultaneous punched-card input and output. This unit has two card feeds. A disadvantage to this technology was that, once punched, chadless tape did not roll up well for storage, because the protruding flaps of paper would catch on the next layer of tape so it could not be coiled up tightly. Another disadvantage that emerged in time, was that there was no reliable way to read chadless tape in later high-speed readers which used optical sensing. However, the mechanical tape readers used in most standard-speed equipment had no problem with chadless tape, because they sensed the holes by means of blunt spring-loaded mechanical sensing pins, which easily pushed the paper flaps out of the way. Albertson, Dean (1975). Rebels or Revolutionaries? Student Movements of the 1960s. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-67118737-8 . Retrieved 2018-11-06. Side note: choosing your drawing pencils is dependent on your approach to drawing. Let me know in the comments if this is something you’d like me to talk about in the future!
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