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The Tidal Year: a memoir on grief, swimming and sisterhood AS HEARD ON RADIO 4

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McMillian, A. et al. Coastal flood boundary conditions for UK mainland and islands 1–142 (Environment Agency, 2011). Tidal asymmetry can be produced when tides propagate into shallow-water areas, where tidal distortion results in rising high-frequency harmonic constituents 14, 17. The physical mechanisms responsible for tidal duration asymmetry are represented by the nonlinear effects related to tidal interactions among constituents and irregular estuarine topography 13, 14, 18, 19. Tides can be strongly modulated by river flow and have a complex behavior in estuaries 20, 21. Rapidly varying river discharges can generate significant nonstationary features 22, 23, 24, characterized by tidal attenuation and tidal energy transfer between tidal frequencies as a frictional effect 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. Thus, tide-river interactions can significantly influence tidal duration asymmetry 23. When tidal elevation and velocity are near quadrature, the tidal duration asymmetry can be related to flow velocity asymmetry 12, 30, 31, which has an important influence on sediment transport 17, 32, 33, 34. Tidal duration asymmetry also plays an important role in navigation and ecosystems by affecting the fluctuations in water levels and bed friction 22. Hoitink, A. J. F., Hoekstra, P. & van Maren, D. S. Flow asymmetry associated with astronomical tides: Implications for the residual transport of sediment. J Geophys Res-Oceans 108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jc001539 (2003). Bespoke TPS requests are subject to a handling fee calculated according to time taken to provide the product output. This is variable.

Environment Agency Thames Estuary 2100: 10-Year Review - Technical Monitoring Report. London, UK: Environment Agency, p. 224 (2021). Guo, L. et al. River-tide dynamics: Exploration of nonstationary and nonlinear tidal behavior in the Yangtze River estuary. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans 120, 3499–3521, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jc010491 (2015).Nidzieko, N. J. Tidal asymmetry in estuaries with mixed semidiurnal/diurnal tides. J Geophys Res-Oceans 115, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jc005864 (2010). As Freya travels further from London, she finds herself closer to memories of her brother. With every swim, and every stranger they meet in the water, the challenge becomes more than just a way to explore the coast, but a journey of self-discovery. Ruocco, A. C., Nicholls, R. J., Haigh, I. D. & Wadey, M. P. Reconstructing coastal flood occurrence combining sea level and media sources: a case study of the Solent. UK since 1935 59, 1773–1796 (2011). WCD (World Commission on Dams). Dams and development: a framework for decision making. (London, UK: Earthscan, 2000). Sibley, A., Cox, D. & Titley, H. Coastal flooding in England and Wales from Atlantic and North Sea storms during the 2013/2014 winter. Weather 70, 62–70 (2015).

Hydrological data United Kingdom 1986 Yearbook: an account of rainfall, river flows, groundwater levels and river water quality January to December 1986 The Tidal Year is a true story about the healing power of wild swimming and the space it creates for reflection, rewilding, and hope. An exploration of grief in the modern age, it's also a tale of loss, love, female rage and sisterhood. We investigated two types of events: (1) extreme sea level events; and (2) extreme skew surges. Extreme sea level events directly lead to the exceedance of critical thresholds and hence are the primary dataset that should be analysed when assessing flooding. However, analyses of skew surge events are also useful, as they provide information on ‘near misses’. As we have shown, some of the skew surge events coincided with the extreme sea level events, when the storm surge occurred around the time of high water of a spring tide; most did not coincide, because the surge occurred near low tide or on a neap tide. Had several of the larger skew surge events occurred on a high spring tide, they would have resulted in higher extreme sea levels than have been observed in the last 100 years. In addition, skew surge time-series are more appropriate proxies for the inter-annual, multi-decadal and longer-term changes in ‘storminess’ and the links to regional climate, compared to extreme sea level time-series that are also influenced by astronomical tides.

Yearbook of astronomy 2021

In this section we start by discussing the historical context of sea level measurements in the Thames Estuary. We follow this with a description of the sea level data archive held by the Port of London Authority (PLA). Then we describe the steps we undertook to capture the tabulated datasets that were available. We then briefly describe further work that could be undertaken in the future. Historical context Wang, Z., Jeuken, C. & De Vriend, H. Tidal asymmetry and residual sediment transport in estuaries. Delft Hydraulics report Z2749 (1999). Horsburgh, K. J. & Wilson, C. Tide‐surge interaction and its role in the distribution of surge residuals in the North Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (1978–2012) 112, C08003 (2007).

Alebregtse, N. C. & de Swart, H. E. Effect of river discharge and geometry on tides and net water transport in an estuarine network, an idealized model applied to the Yangtze Estuary. Cont. Shelf Res. 123, 29–49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.003.028 (2016). Lehner, B. et al. High-resolution mapping of the world’s reservoirs and dams for sustainable river-flow management. Front. Ecol. Environ. 9, 494–502, https://doi.org/10.1890/100125 (2011). Hydrological data United Kingdom 1981 Yearbook: an account of rainfall, river flows and groundwater levels January to December 1981 Ozsoy, O., Haigh, I. D., Wadey, M. P., Nicholls, R. J. & Wells, N. C. High-frequency sea level variations and implications for coastal flooding: A case study of the Solent, UK. Continental Shelf Research 122, 1–13 (2016).Speer, P. E., Aubrey, D. G. & Friedrichs, C. T. In Tidal Hydrodynamics (ed. Parker, B. B.) 321–339 (John Wiley, Toronto, Ont., 1991).

Hydrological data United Kingdom 1987 Yearbook: an account of rainfall, river flows, groundwater levels and river water quality January to December 1987 Reed M (2000) Shore and sea boundaries, vol 3; The development of international maritime boundary principles through United States practice. US Department of Commerce, Washington, DC

Published Yearbooks

Bernier, N. B. & Thompson, K. R. Predicting the frequency of storm surges and extreme sea levels in the northwest Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res. 111, C10009 (2006). As for the shallow-water constituents, the high river discharge during the wet season increases the tidal amplitudes in the downstream region by enhancing the nonlinear effect and stimulating tidal energy transfer from astronomical tides to shallow-water tides (Fig. 5). As tides propagate to the upper reach of the YRE, smaller tidal amplitudes occur in the wet season, when higher river discharge leads to a more significant tidal damping process by enhancing the frictional effects. The variations in shallow-water constituent phases show similar characteristics as the astronomical constituents on a seasonal scale: they increase because of larger discharge in the wet season, especially at the upstream stations. Seasonal variations in tidal duration asymmetry UK Tide Gauge Network, British Oceanographic Data Centre https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/online_delivery/ntslf/ (2015) Godin, G. The propagation of tides up rivers with special considerations on the upper Saint Lawrence river. Estuar. Coast. Shelf S 48, 307–324, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1998.0422 (1999).

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