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New York Times, 27 December 1852: a report of holiday events mentions 'a splendid wreath' as being among the prizes won. a b Barnes, W. (9 February 1882). "Dorset Folk-lore and Antiquities". Dorset County Chronicle and Somersetshire Gazette: 15. The exact origins and the meaning of the song are unknown, but it is highly probable that it originated from a children's memory and forfeit game. [42] In the northern counties of England, the song was often called the "Ten Days of Christmas", as there were only ten gifts. It was also known in Somerset, Dorset, and elsewhere in England. The kinds of gifts vary in a number of the versions, some of them becoming alliterative tongue-twisters. [45] "The Twelve Days of Christmas" was also widely popular in the United States and Canada. It is mentioned in the section on "Chain Songs" in Stith Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk-Literature (Indiana University Studies, Vol. 5, 1935), p.416. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( January 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Twelfth Night noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes". Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary . Retrieved 9 January 2021. Twelve Days of Christmas (Roud Folksong Index S163946)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library . Retrieved 9 December 2020.a b Brewster, Paul G. (1940). Ballads and Songs of Indiana. Bloomington: Indiana University. p.354.
The early North American colonists brought their version of the Twelve Days over from England, and adapted them to their new country, adding their own variations over the years. For example, the modern-day Christmas wreath may have originated with these colonials. [20] [21] A homemade wreath would be fashioned from local greenery, and fruits, if available, were added. Making the wreaths was one of the traditions of Christmas Eve; they would remain hung on each home's front door beginning on Christmas Night (first night of Christmas) through Twelfth Night or Epiphany morning. As was already the tradition in their native England, all decorations would be taken down by Epiphany morning and the remainder of the edibles would be consumed. A special cake, the king cake, was also baked then for Epiphany. Gilchrist suggests that the adjective "French" may mean "foreign". [55] Sharp reports that one singer sings "Britten chains", which he interprets as a corruption of " Breton hens". [58] William and Ceil Baring-Gould also suggest that the birds are Breton hens, which they see as another indication that the carol is of French origin. [59] Colly birds [ edit ] a b Knight, Hilary (2004). A firefly in a fir tree: A carol for mice. New York: Katherine Tegen Books . Retrieved 27 December 2017– via Internet Archive. a b Rimbault, Edward F. (n.d.). Nursery Rhymes, with the Tunes to Which They Are Still Sung in the Nurseries of England. London: Cramer, Beale & Co. pp.52–53. hdl: 2027/wu.89101217990. . Undated; date of 1846 confirmed by this catalogue from the Bodleian Library (p. 112), and an advertisement in the Morning Herald ( "Christmas Carols". Morning Herald: 8. 25 December 1846. ).Mark Lawson-Jones, Why was the Partridge in the Pear Tree?: The History of Christmas Carols, 2011, ISBN 0-7524-7750-1
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