Professor PUZZLE Moral Conflict

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However, differing from Study 1, where we assessed the item difficulties of the everyday moral conflict scenarios via binary decisions between given altruistic versus egoistic responses, the main aim of Study 2 was to validate the a priori defined altruistic and egoistic response alternatives of the stories. Moreover, the same results arose for the comparison of the sets A and B including only the items with socially close protagonists (set A 60. Graphical model check plotting the item values estimated for participants with EMCS scores less or equal than the median against the item values estimated for participants with EMCS scores above the median.

Consistently, several studies have shown that both abstract and everyday moral decision-making differ depending on the closeness of the relationship with the target person (e. g., [ 22]), where especially high-emotional dilemmas came along with a very high percentage of altruistic decisions (up to 96%). This is in line with the results of a recent ecological momentary assessment study about morality in everyday life, where the most frequent type of victim categories were “no concrete person/other entity” or “stranger” [ 17].g., deciding about leaving your partner who is suicidal), which is a potential constraint of these paradigms. socially distant protagonists; Studies 1 and 2), and high similarity to reality ratings (Studies 1 and 2). Clarifying gender differences in moral dilemma judgments: the complementary roles of harm aversion and action aversion. reported validation studies of their everyday moral conflict scenarios as supplementary material to their manuscripts. Furthermore, the similarity to reality ratings were significantly higher for the items with socially distant protagonists, suggesting that our participants were more likely to encounter everyday moral conflict situations with strangers than with family or friends.

e., loadings on both a global and several specific factors), since in the EMCS Scale, a clear distinction of different moral dimensions (as for example realized by [ 65]) had to stand back from the aim of high criterion validity for the everyday life situations. Altogether, N = 200 volunteers (100 males, 100 females, mainly students) aged 18–43 years (mean age ± SD = 22. Thus, we developed the two parallelized item sets for future use in within-subjects design studies and assessed the test and measurement properties of our new scale based on a total sample of n = 150 participants (75 males, 75 females; aged 22.The item statistics for all final 40 items of the EMCS Scale on single item basis (subdivided into items with socially close and socially distant protagonists) can be found in S1 and S2 Tables. The procedure by Wilks tests the hypothesis that the means are equal, the variances are equal, and the covariances are equal. Altogether, in combination with the social closeness results, our data therefore point to the idea that everyday moral decision-making with altruistic versus egoistic response options seems to be quite a different construct than abstract moral decision-making with utilitarian versus deontological response alternatives.

we only observed a slightly, but not significantly lower percentage of altruistic decisions for the items with socially distant protagonists than for the items with socially close protagonists, and this difference only reached a very small effect size ( d = 0. Moreover, we report the measurement qualities based on Rasch model analyses and classical test theory fit indices of the complete 40-items EMCS Scale and its two subsets A and B. g., conflicts between different duties or between sets of apparently incommensurable values; see [ 2]), since the EMCS Scale covers only one particular sort of moral conflicts, namely accepted moral values versus self-interests. We used Welch-tests [ 55] to examine the effects of the social closeness of the protagonists and the gender of our participants on everyday moral decision-making.Based on this data set ( n = 150), we developed the two parallelized item sets for future use in within-subjects design studies and assessed the test and measurement properties of the EMCS Scale.