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Bakshani CR, Morales-Garcia AL, Althaus M, Wilcox MD, Pearson JP, Bythell JC, Burgess JG (2018-07-04). "Evolutionary conservation of the antimicrobial function of mucus: a first defence against infection". npj Biofilms and Microbiomes. 4 (1): 14. doi: 10.1038/s41522-018-0057-2. PMC 6031612. PMID 30002868. a b c Borchiellini C, Manuel M, Alivon E, Boury-Esnault N, Vacelet J, Le Parco Y (January 2001). "Sponge paraphyly and the origin of Metazoa". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 171–179. doi: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00244.x. PMID 29280585. Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera ( / p ə ˈ r ɪ f ər ə/; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. Sponges are more abundant but less diverse in temperate waters than in tropical waters, possibly because organisms that prey on sponges are more abundant in tropical waters. [54] Glass sponges are the most common in polar waters and in the depths of temperate and tropical seas, as their very porous construction enables them to extract food from these resource-poor waters with the minimum of effort. Demosponges and calcareous sponges are abundant and diverse in shallower non-polar waters. [55] Baghdasarian G, Muscatine L (2000) "Preferential expulsion of dividing algal cells as a mechanism for regulating algal-cnidarian symbiosis". Biol Bull, 199: 278−286

It isn't the end of the world is your mixture begins to curdle once your eggs are added. However, there are a few measures that can be taken to prevent this eyesore; Unwanted Food or Drink Products - Once supply conditions are broken, there are a number of factors outside of our control that can affect the quality of a product. Therefore perishable goods such as food and drink cannot be returned. Wild C, Niggl W, Naumann MS, Haas AF (2010) "Organic matter release by Red Sea coral reef organisms—potential effects on microbial activity and in situ O 2 availability". Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 411: 61−71. doi: 10.3354/meps08653.a b c d e f g Hooper JN, Van Soest RW, Debrenne F (2002). "Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836". In Hooper JN, Van Soest RW (eds.). Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum. pp.9–14. ISBN 978-0-306-47260-2. Hejnol A, Obst M, Stamatakis A, Ott M, Rouse GW, Edgecombe GD, etal. (December 2009). "Assessing the root of bilaterian animals with scalable phylogenomic methods". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 276 (1677): 4261–70. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0896. PMC 2817096. PMID 19759036. a b c d Vacelet J (2008). "A new genus of carnivorous sponges (Porifera: Poecilosclerida, Cladorhizidae) from the deep N-E Pacific, and remarks on the genus Neocladia" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1752: 57–65. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.1752.1.3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-09-06 . Retrieved 2008-10-31. a b Porter SM (2008). "Skeletal microstructure indicates Chancelloriids and Halkieriids are closely related". Palaeontology. 51 (4): 865–879. Bibcode: 2008Palgy..51..865P. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00792.x. Frustration Free Cleaning - The super absorbent sponge cloth & spunj sponges ensure a drip-free cleaning experience and unlike other cloths to clean surfaces and sponges, spunj products will only release everything you've wiped up when rinsed.

Most known carnivorous sponges have completely lost the water flow system and choanocytes. However, the genus Chondrocladia uses a highly modified water flow system to inflate balloon-like structures that are used for capturing prey. [39] [42] Endosymbionts Most Demospongiae have silicate spicules or spongin fibers or both within their soft tissues. However, a few also have massive external skeletons made of aragonite, another form of calcium carbonate. [20] [34] All the cells have a single nucleus and membrane. [34] Kodner RB, Summons RE, Pearson A, King N, Knoll AH (July 2008). "Sterols in a unicellular relative of the metazoans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (29): 9897–9902. Bibcode: 2008PNAS..105.9897K. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0803975105. PMC 2481317. PMID 18632573. Sakarya O, Armstrong KA, Adamska M, Adamski M, Wang IF, Tidor B, etal. (June 2007). "A post-synaptic scaffold at the origin of the animal kingdom". PLOS ONE. 2 (6): e506. Bibcode: 2007PLoSO...2..506S. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000506. PMC 1876816. PMID 17551586.Janussen D, Steiner M, Zhu MY (2002). "New well-preserved scleritomes of Chancelloridae from the early Cambrian Yuanshan Formation (Chengjiang, China) and the middle Cambrian Wheeler Shale (Utah, USA) and paleobiological implications". Journal of Paleontology. 76 (4): 596–606. doi: 10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0596:NWPSOC>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 129127213. free text at Janussen D (2002). "(full text without images)". Journal of Paleontology. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008 . Retrieved 2008-08-04. Most sponges are detritivores which filter organic debris particles and microscopic life forms from ocean water. In particular, sponges occupy an important role as detritivores in coral reef food webs by recycling detritus to higher trophic levels. [67] Analyses since 2001 have concluded that Eumetazoa (more complex than sponges) are more closely related to particular groups of sponges than to other sponge groups. Such conclusions imply that sponges are not monophyletic, because the last common ancestor of all sponges would also be a direct ancestor of the Eumetazoa, which are not sponges. A study in 2001 based on comparisons of ribosome DNA concluded that the most fundamental division within sponges was between glass sponges and the rest, and that Eumetazoa are more closely related to calcareous sponges (those with calcium carbonate spicules) than to other types of sponge. [113] In 2007, one analysis based on comparisons of RNA and another based mainly on comparison of spicules concluded that demosponges and glass sponges are more closely related to each other than either is to the calcareous sponges, which in turn are more closely related to Eumetazoa. [98] [115]

de Goeij JM, van Oevelen D, Vermeij MJA, Osinga R, Middelburg JJ, de Goeij AFPM and Admiraal W (2013) "Surviving in a marine desert: the sponge loop retains resources within coral reefs". Science, 342: 108−110. Gage JD, Tyler PA (1996). Deep-sea Biology: A Natural History of Organisms at the Deep-Sea Floor. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33665-9.McMenamin MA (2008). "Early Cambrian sponge spicules from the Cerro Clemente and Cerro Rajón, Sonora, México". Geologica Acta. 6 (4): 363–367.

Ryan JF, Pang K, Schnitzler CE, Nguyen AD, Moreland RT, Simmons DK, etal. (December 2013). "The genome of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and its implications for cell type evolution". Science. 342 (6164): 1242592. doi: 10.1126/science.1242592. PMC 3920664. PMID 24337300. McClenachan L (2008). "Social conflict, Over-fishing and Disease in the Florida Sponge Fishery, 1849–1939". In Starkey DJ, Holm P, Barnard M (eds.). Oceans Past: Management Insights from the History of Marine Animal Populations. Earthscan. pp.25–27. ISBN 978-1-84407-527-0. We also do great cakes for weddings as well! These include our great whole wedding cakes, simply choose 6 whole cake flavours for enough cake to serve up to 120 people! Or we have our baby sponges for wedding favours that are the perfect cupcake sized sponge that everyone will love. We think they are the better version of cupcakes! They come in loads of different flavours and you can select exactly what flavours you and your guests will love the most. There are also gluten free flavours to choose from. With our baby sponges you can also get yourself a wedding cake tower, that feeds up to 80 people. You can choose up to 80 baby sponges with all different flavours and comes with a 7 tiered acrylic clear stand. Creates the perfect centre piece for your wedding that everyone will love. Reitner J, Wörheide G (2002). "Non-lithistid fossil Demospongiae – origins of their palaeobiodiversity and highlights in history of preservation". In Hooper JN, Van Soest RW (eds.). Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges (PDF). New York, NY: Kluwer Academic Plenum. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-12-16 . Retrieved November 4, 2008.

Spunj Ultra Thirsty Absorbent Pink Sponge

The phylum Porifera is further divided into classes mainly according to the composition of their skeletons: [20] [34] new species of 'killer' sponges discovered off Pacific coast". CBC News. April 19, 2014. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014 . Retrieved 2014-09-04. Magdalena (18 December 2020). "Utilizing sponge spicules in taxonomic, ecological and environmental reconstructions: a review". PeerJ. 8: e10601. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10601. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 7751429. PMID 33384908.