One Year at Ellsmere

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Wolken, G.; Sharp, M.; Wang, L. (2009). "Snow and ice facies variability and ice layer formation on Canadian Arctic ice caps, 1999–2005" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 114 (F3): 3011. Bibcode: 2009JGRF..114.3011W. doi: 10.1029/2008JF001173. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016 . Retrieved 3 February 2014.

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A 2018 study measured a 5.9% reduction in area amongst 1,773 glaciers in Northern Ellesmere island in the 16-year period 1999–2015 based on satellite data. In the same period, 19 out of 27 ice tongues disintegrated to their grounding lines and ice shelves suffered a 42% loss in surface area. [44] Paleontology [ edit ] Canada's northern neighbours shown on a circumpolar projection of the ArcticDafydd ab Owain Gwynedd (c. 1145–1203) was given the manor of Ellesmere and Hales by King Henry II in 1177. Northern Canada Ponds Drying Up". ENN. Archived from the original on 20 February 2014 . Retrieved 3 February 2014. In 1114, King Henry I gave Ellesmere to William Peverel as a part of the Maelor, which included Overton& Whittington at that time. His descendants retained Ellesmere until apparently the late 1140s when the lordship was acquired, probably by force, by Madog ap Maredudd of Powys. Madog died in 1160 and Ellesmere came into the hands of King Henry II. The Arctic Cordillera mountain system covers much of Ellesmere Island, making it the most mountainous in the Arctic Archipelago. More than one-fifth of the island is protected as Quttinirpaaq National Park.

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The Thule moved into the High Arctic at the time of a warming trend, c.1000CE. [2] :28 Their major population centre was the Smith Sound area (on both the Ellesmere and Greenland sides) due to its proximity to polynyas and its position on transportation routes. [2] :54 From settlements at Smith Sound, the Thule sent summer hunting parties to harvest marine mammals in Nansen Strait. Their summer camps are evidenced by tent rings as far north as Archer Fiord, with clusters of stone dwellings around Lady Franklin Bay and at Lake Hazen which suggest semi-permanent occupations. [2] :28 The lordship appears to have later passed into the hands of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd or his brother Dafydd ap Gruffydd, grandsons of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth and last of the native Princes of Wales. The castle fell to royal troops from Chester during March 1282.

a b c d e Schledermann, Peter; McCullough, Karen Margrethe (2003). Late Thule culture developments on the central east coast of Ellesmere Island. Copenhagen, Denmark: Danish Polar Center. ISBN 978-87-90369-64-4. Between 1400 and 1600 CE, the Little Ice Age developed and conditions for hunting became increasingly difficult, forcing the Thule to withdraw from Ellesmere and the other northern islands of the archipelago. [2] :29 The Thule who remained in northern Greenland became isolated, specialized at hunting a diminishing number of game animals, and lost the ability to make boats. Thus, the waters around Ellesmere were not navigated again until the arrival of large European vessels after 1800. [2] :21 Early European exploration [ edit ] Population statistics Ellesmere AP/CP/Tn through time". A Vision of Britain through Time . Retrieved 27 September 2023. Mech, L. David; Brandenburg, Jim (June 1988). "Life in the High Arctic". National Geographic. 173 (6): 750–767. Kalkreuth, WD; Riediger, CL; McIntyre, DJ; Richardson, RJH; etal. (1996). "Petrological, palynological and geochemical characteristics of Eureka Sound Group coals (Stenkul Fiord, southern Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada)". International Journal of Coal Geology. 30 (1–2): 151–182. doi: 10.1016/0166-5162(96)00005-5.

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In 1920, the government learned that Inughuit from Greenland had been annually visiting Ellesmere Island for polar bear and muskox hunting – in violation of Canadian law – selling the skins at Knud Rasmussen's trading post at Qaanaaq, formerly known as Thule. The Danish government stated that North Greenland was a "no man's land" outside their administration and Rasmussen, as the de facto sole authority, refused to stop the trade which the Inughuit needed to support themselves. In response, Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) detachments were established on Ellesmere Island at Craig Harbour in 1922 and at Bache Post in 1926, positioned to guard the coastal and overland routes to the hunting grounds on the western side of Ellesmere. [15] :102–104 [16] :315–316 In addition to intercepting illegal hunting and fur-trading, the RCMP conducted patrols and encouraged the Inuit to maintain their traditional lifestyle. [7] :25–26 The posts were closed in the mid-1930s, after the sovereignty issues had been settled. [15] :105 Geography [ edit ] Topography of Ellesmere Island Satellite image montage showing Ellesmere Island and its neighboursEllesmere no longer has a railway, but it was once on the Oswestry, Ellesmere and Whitchurch Railway main line of the Cambrian Railways. [10] However, the section from Whitchurch to Welshpool (Buttington Junction), via Ellesmere, Whittington, Oswestry and Llanymynech, closed on 18 January 1965 in favour of the more viable alternative route via Shrewsbury. Ellesmere was also the terminus of the Wrexham and Ellesmere Railway branch line to Wrexham (Central), via Overton-on-Dee, Bangor-on-Dee and Marchwiel. This line closed on 10 September 1962. Ellesmere railway station still stands albeit derelict and disused. The nearest active station to Ellesmere is Gobowen for Oswestry which less than 2 miles away. The former Marcher Lordship of Ellesmere (formerly a Hundred in its own right) was annexed to Shropshire and the Hundred of Pymhill by section 11 of the Laws in Wales Act 1535. There are antiques, crafts and gifts, and many other shops striving to tempt you and fresh local produce from the delicatessen. The weekly market still runs since it was granted its charter in 1221 by Henry the third and occasional antique fairs and craft sales complement the retail scene. More than one-fifth of the island is protected as Quttinirpaaq National Park (formerly Ellesmere Island National Park Reserve), which includes seven fjords and a variety of glaciers, as well as Lake Hazen, North America's largest lake north of the Arctic Circle. Barbeau Peak, the highest mountain in Nunavut (2,616m[8,583ft]) is located in the British Empire Range on Ellesmere Island. The most northern mountain range in the world, the Challenger Mountains, is located in the northeast region of the island. The northern lobe of the island is called Grant Land. a b Jeffries, Martin O. (March 1986). "Ice Island Calvings and Ice Shelf Changes, Milne Ice Shelf and Ayles Ice Shelf, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T" (PDF). Arctic. 39 (1). doi: 10.14430/arctic2039. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2019 . Retrieved 29 December 2006.

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Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 17, Egerton, Francis (1800-1857) retrieved 6 March 2018

Ellesmere and the Canal

Aside from the polar desert conditions of much of the island, there are remarkably productive ecological zones in the arctic oasis of the Lake Hazen area and the polynyas of the island's coastal waters. [2] :33 Insect ecology [ edit ] Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Telford, Thomas". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.26 (11thed.). Cambridge University Press. p.573. Oliver Townend (born 1982), British eventing rider, gold medal winner in 2020 Summer Olympics, lives at Ellesmere [33] Geomagnetism Frequently Asked Questions". National Geophysical Data Center. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018 . Retrieved 28 April 2018.