White Mars: A 21st Century Utopia

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ESA Science & Technology - Craters within the Hellas Basin". sci.esa.int . Retrieved 2 January 2022.

Grego, Peter (6 June 2012). Mars and How to Observe It. Springer Science+Business Media. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-4614-2302-7– via Internet Archive. NASA (19 April 2007). "Mars Global Surveyor: MOLA MEGDRs". geo.pds.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 13 November 2011 . Retrieved 24 June 2011. White's other prominent TV roles were in series 1 of the ITV drama The Fixer, playing Jess Mercer, the sister of John Mercer. She also played Shannon in The Empresses' New Clothes, an episode of Fairy Tales, which were the BBC's modern takes on classic children's stories. In April 2011, she appeared in the BBC adaptation The Crimson Petal and the White. Elsewhere, particularly on the oldest areas of the Martian surface, finer-scale, dendritic networks of valleys are spread across significant proportions of the landscape. Features of these valleys and their distribution strongly imply that they were carved by runoff resulting from precipitation in early Mars history. Subsurface water flow and groundwater sapping may play important subsidiary roles in some networks, but precipitation was probably the root cause of the incision in almost all cases. [150] What Mars Maps Got Right (and Wrong) Through Time". National Geographic. 19 October 2016. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021 . Retrieved 15 January 2022.Water from washing and cooking is recycled as much as possible using a unit based on knowledge from ESA’s life support team. Archinal, B. A.; Caplinger, M. (Fall 2002). "Mars, the Meridian, and Mert: The Quest for Martian Longitude". American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2002. 22: P22D–06. Bibcode: 2002AGUFM.P22D..06A.

HiRISE Catches an Avalanche on Mars". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). 12 August 2020 . Retrieved 28 March 2022. Kounaves, S. P.; etal. (2010). "Wet Chemistry Experiments on the 2007 Phoenix Mars Scout Lander: Data Analysis and Results". J. Geophys. Res. 115 (E3): E00–E10. Bibcode: 2009JGRE..114.0A19K. doi: 10.1029/2008JE003084. S2CID 39418301. David, Leonard (13 June 2013). "Toxic Mars: Astronauts Must Deal with Perchlorate on the Red Planet". Space.com . Retrieved 26 November 2018. Hesperian period: 3.5 to between 3.3 and 2.9billion years ago. The Hesperian period is marked by the formation of extensive lava plains. Named after Hesperia Planum. [35]The base consists of two towers of about 18 m in diameter, connected by an enclosed walkway.The station is quite large at 1500 m² for up to16 people, nearly 100 m² per person.Activities in the towers are separated into noisy and quiet. Spread over three levels, the restaurant, social rooms, gym and workshops are in the ‘noisy’ tower, whereas the laboratories, sleeping quarters, hospital and radio rooms are in the ‘quiet’ tower. I heard many stories about the crews of previous winters – some of them wildly exaggerated, I am sure. Still, it made me nervous to consider how I would personally react to the coming experience and what challenges we would face as a crew.

Hirt, C.; Claessens, S. J.; Kuhn, M.; Featherstone, W. E. (July 2012). "Kilometer-resolution gravity field of Mars: MGM2011" (PDF). Planetary and Space Science. 67 (1): 147–154. Bibcode: 2012P&SS...67..147H. doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2012.02.006. hdl: 20.500.11937/32270. Gánti, Tibor; etal. (2003). "Dark Dune Spots: Possible Biomarkers on Mars?". Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere. 33 (4): 515–557. Bibcode: 2003OLEB...33..515G. doi: 10.1023/A:1025705828948. PMID 14604189. S2CID 23727267. Here, researchers study the atmosphere, free from pollution, to gain insights into how the world’s population is changing Earth’s climate. Scientists conduct glaciology research by analysing the Antarctic plateau to reveal clues to our past as chemicals are trapped and frozen in the ice. The history of observations of Mars is marked by oppositions of Mars when the planet is closest to Earth and hence is most easily visible, which occur every couple of years. Even more notable are the perihelic oppositions of Mars, which are distinguished because Mars is close to perihelion, making it even closer to Earth. [207] Ancient and medieval observations Galileo Galilei was the first to see Mars via telescope.

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As of 2023 [update], Mars is host to thirteen functioning spacecraft. Eight are in orbit : 2001 Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, MAVEN, ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, the Hope orbiter, and the Tianwen-1 orbiter. [241] [242] Another five are on the surface: the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover, the Perseverance rover, the Ingenuity helicopter, the Tianwen-1 lander, and the Zhurong rover. [243] Because Mars has no oceans and hence no " sea level", a zero-elevation surface had to be selected as a reference level; this is called the areoid [80] of Mars, analogous to the terrestrial geoid. [81] Zero altitude was defined by the height at which there is 610.5 Pa (6.105 mbar) of atmospheric pressure. [82] This pressure corresponds to the triple point of water, and it is about 0.6% of the sea level surface pressure on Earth (0.006 atm). [83] onward transportation. Collection is strictly by appointment only and at least 24-hours notice must be given. For vehicles under customs, marked with an asterisk sign (*) or a omega sign (Ώ) and non-running cars stored with Transports Roger Benaim If Mars had an Earth-like orbit, its seasons would be similar to Earth's because its axial tilt is similar to Earth's. The comparatively large eccentricity of the Martian orbit has a significant effect. Mars is near perihelion when it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere and winter in the north, and near aphelion when it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere and summer in the north. As a result, the seasons in the Southern Hemisphere are more extreme and the seasons in the northern are milder than would otherwise be the case. The summer temperatures in the south can be warmer than the equivalent summer temperatures in the north by up to 30°C (54°F). [135]