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Cressman, Robert J.; Evans, Mark L. (12 September 2016). "Indiana I (Battleship No.1)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command . Retrieved 10 March 2019. Wilson, H. W. (1898). Ironclads in Action– Vol 1. London. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) As early as 1914, the British Admiral Percy Scott predicted that battleships would soon be made irrelevant by aircraft. [60] By the end of World War I, aircraft had successfully adopted the torpedo as a weapon. [61] In 1921 the Italian general and air theorist Giulio Douhet completed a hugely influential treatise on strategic bombing titled The Command of the Air, which foresaw the dominance of air power over naval units. The presence of battleships had a great psychological and diplomatic impact. Similar to possessing nuclear weapons today, the ownership of battleships served to enhance a nation's force projection. [2] Even if you are in a hurry and you need some entertainment last minute, grab our battleship worksheet and other road trip games now. They are the perfect value for money boredom buster for many families at the moment. A Versatile Battleship Game Template

Brown, D. K. (2003). Warrior to Dreadnought: Warship Development 1860–1905. Book Sales. ISBN 978-1-84067-529-0. Technical development continued rapidly through the dreadnought era, with steep changes in armament, armor and propulsion. Ten years after Dreadnought 's commissioning, much more powerful ships, the super-dreadnoughts, were being built. Chesneau, Roger; Koleśnik, Eugène M.; Campbell, N.J.M. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-133-5. Admiral Vittorio Cuniberti, the Italian Navy's chief naval architect, articulated the concept of an all-big-gun battleship in 1903. When the Regia Marina did not pursue his ideas, Cuniberti wrote an article in Jane 's proposing an "ideal" future British battleship, a large armored warship of 17,000tons, armed solely with a single calibre main battery (twelve 12-inch [305mm] guns), carrying 300-millimetre (12in) belt armor, and capable of 24 knots (44km/h). [36] The beginning of the pre-dreadnought era coincided with Britain reasserting her naval dominance. For many years previously, Britain had taken naval supremacy for granted. Expensive naval projects were criticized by political leaders of all inclinations. [2] However, in 1888 a war scare with France and the build-up of the Russian navy gave added impetus to naval construction, and the British Naval Defence Act of 1889 laid down a new fleet including eight new battleships. The principle that Britain's navy should be more powerful than the two next most powerful fleets combined was established. This policy was designed to deter France and Russia from building more battleships, but both nations nevertheless expanded their fleets with more and better pre-dreadnoughts in the 1890s. [2] Diagram of HMS Agamemnon (1908), a typical late pre-dreadnought battleshipMahan, A.T., Captain, U.S. Navy. Influence of Sea Power on History, 1660–1783. Boston: Little Brown, passim. As part of Navy Secretary John F. Lehman's effort to build a 600-ship Navy in the 1980s, and in response to the commissioning of Kirov by the Soviet Union, the United States recommissioned all four Iowa-class battleships. On several occasions, battleships were support ships in carrier battle groups, or led their own battleship battle group. These were modernized to carry Tomahawk (TLAM) missiles, with New Jersey seeing action bombarding Lebanon in 1983 and 1984, while Missouri and Wisconsin fired their 16-inch (406mm) guns at land targets and launched missiles during Operation Desert Storm in 1991. Wisconsin served as the TLAM strike commander for the Persian Gulf, directing the sequence of launches that marked the opening of Desert Storm, firing a total of 24 TLAMs during the first two days of the campaign. The primary threat to the battleships were Iraqi shore-based surface-to-surface missiles; Missouri was targeted by two Iraqi Silkworm missiles, with one missing and another being intercepted by the British destroyer HMS Gloucester. [90] End of the battleship era [ edit ] The American Texas (1912) is the only preserved example of a Dreadnought-type battleship that dates to the time of the original HMS Dreadnought.

New battle ship launched; the Massachusetts floated in the broad Delaware" (PDF). The New York Times. 10 June 1893 . Retrieved 4 June 2010. Appel, Erik; etal. (2001). Finland i krig 1939–1940– första delen (in Swedish). Espoo, Finland: Schildts förlag Ab. p.261. ISBN 978-951-50-1182-4.Corbett, Sir Julian. "Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905." Volume I (2015) Originally published in January 1914. Naval Institute Press ISBN 978-1-59114-197-6 This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Military Balance 2014. Routledge for The International The International Institute of Strategic Studies. 2014. ISBN 978-1857437225. Archived from the original on July 26, 2021 . Retrieved July 26, 2021– via Google Books. Kearsarge". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command . Retrieved 10 January 2013.

In the 1920s, General Billy Mitchell of the United States Army Air Corps, believing that air forces had rendered navies around the world obsolete, testified in front of Congress that "1,000 bombardment airplanes can be built and operated for about the price of one battleship" and that a squadron of these bombers could sink a battleship, making for more efficient use of government funds. [62] This infuriated the U.S. Navy, but Mitchell was nevertheless allowed to conduct a careful series of bombing tests alongside Navy and Marine bombers. In 1921, he bombed and sank numerous ships, including the "unsinkable" German World War I battleship SMS Ostfriesland and the American pre-dreadnought Alabama. [63] CombinedFleet.com". Combinedfleet.com. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009 . Retrieved January 31, 2009.Axell, Albert; etal. (2004). Kamikaze– Japans självmordspiloter (in Swedish). Lund, Sweden: Historiska media. p.316. ISBN 978-91-85057-09-2.