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all parameters have been taken from past experiments carried out either with only one cultivar each (‘Arbequina’ being the most frequent) or averaging the results obtained for a few of them. Also, OliveCan is missing a sub-model aimed to properly simulate the dynamics of oil accumulation during the fruit growth period. The number of sub-day periods per day to be considered is customizable through a user-defined parameter ( N). However, the increase in the demand for oil of recognized and consistently high quality in recent years has triggered the development and adoption of farming techniques aimed to improve productivity, such as localized irrigation, fertigation and mechanical pruning and harvesting. have formulated a soil-plant-atmosphere-continuum (SPAC) model capable of calculating root water uptake from soils with spatially heterogeneous distributions of water content and root length densities.
Finally, knowledge gaps identified during the formulation of the model and further testing needs are discussed, highlighting that there is additional room for improving its robustness. e., rainfall plus irrigation) with a midsummer deficit period (15 July to 15 September) without irrigation. The effects of regulated and continuous deficit irrigation on the water use, growth and yield of olive trees.Two flavors which blend perfectly in one of the most traditional and typical stuffings of Spanish cuisine, for which a very mild select garlic variety is used, but which adds a delicious and crunchy texture. The available assimilates are allocated to growth and respiration, the latter being segregated into maintenance and growth respiration ( RESP M and RESP g, respectively), of the different organs. Besides, each soil zone is subdivided into a user-defined number of soil layers ( n) which are also customizable in thickness.
Figure 4 illustrates the time course of measured and modeled E p for the CON and CDI treatments over a typical sunny summer day of Experiment I (July 21st 2006, DOY 202). In short, OliveCan is composed of three main model components simulating the principal elements of the water and carbon balances of olive orchards and the impacts of some management operations. On the other hand, measurements revealed “high” Y oil in the first and third experimental seasons and “low” Y oil in the intermediate one. Then, by considering the different computed fluxes of assimilation and respiration within the orchard, OliveCan provides estimates of the ecosystem respiration ( RESP eco) and net ecosystem exchange ( NEE). The model describes the growth of different organs by simulating radiation interception, photosynthesis, respiration, and applying simple allocation rules, but it does not consider the effects of planting density, canopy structure or pruning, and many of its equations lack a consistent theoretical basis.values of seasonal evapotranspiration ( ET) and oil yield ( Y oil) in the model tests using the experimental data from Iniesta et al. Average sap flow records for each treatment were calibrated against the estimates of E p deduced from the difference between the measured ET and soil evaporation in a period of several weeks with no rainfall events during the summer.
Cumulative ET was determined by water balance for the whole 2005 and 2006 seasons by measuring soil water content with a neutron probe (model 503, Campbell Pacific Nuclear Corp, Pacheco, CA, United States).
These olives are the classic Spanish Manzanilla olive that is served all over Spain, along with a beer or a glass of wine and a tapa. Irrigation amounts and dates can either be defined explicitly by the users or implicitly calculated through a dedicated routine that, at customizable intervals, applies a fraction of the maximum ET lost since the last irrigation. The measurements (only performed for the central trees of the replicates) used for the model were Y oil and seasonal ET. ul>
Values of GC, LAD, and R zx required to initialize the model were taken from dedicated measurements. Parameters related to the calculation of fruit number and yield were taken from several sources, including experimental data (see section “Number of Fruits and Alternate Bearing” in Supplementary Material).Whenever maintenance respiration exceeds the pool of assimilates, the deficit is discounted from the reserve pool. In the model, tillage operations have an impact on CN whereas irrigation provides an additional water input for the wetted soil zone.
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