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Real Rape, Real Pain: Help for women sexually assaulted by male partners

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A false accusation of rape is the reporting of a rape where no rape has occurred. It is difficult to assess the true prevalence of false rape allegations, but it is generally agreed by scholars that rape accusations are false about 2% to 10% of the time. [151] [152] [153] In most cases, a false accusation will not name a specific suspect. [154] The World Health Organization recommends [113] [114] [115] offering prompt access to emergency contraceptive medications which can significantly reduce risk of an undesired pregnancy if used within 5 days of rape; [116] it is estimated that about 5% of male-on-female rapes result in pregnancy. [108] When rape results in pregnancy, abortion pills can be safely and effectively used to end a pregnancy up to 10 weeks from the last menstrual period. [117] Genital injuries R. Brian Ferguson (1995). Yanomami Warfare: A Political History. Santa Fe: School for American Research Press.

In ancient Greece and Rome, both male-on-female and male-on-male concepts of rape existed. Roman laws allowed three distinct charges for the crime: stuprum, unsanctioned sexual intercourse (which, in the early times, also included adultery); vis, a physical assault for purpose of lust; and iniuria, a general charge denoting any type of assault upon a person. The aforementioned Lex Iulia specifically criminalized per vim stuprum, unsanctioned sexual intercourse by force. The former two were public criminal charges which could be brought whenever the victim was a woman or a child of either gender, but only if the victim was a freeborn Roman citizen ( ingenuus), and carried a potential sentence of death or exile. Iniuria was a civil charge that demanded monetary compensation, and had a wider application (for example, it could have been brought in case of sexual assault on a slave by a person other than their owner.) Augustus Caesar enacted reforms for the crime of rape under the assault statute Lex Iulia de vi publica, which bears his family name, Iulia. It was under this statute rather than the adultery statute of Lex Iulia de adulteriis that Rome prosecuted this crime. [175] Rape was made into a "public wrong" ( iniuria publica) by the Roman Emperor Constantine. [176] [177] The systematic rape of as many as 80,000 women by the Japanese soldiers during the six weeks of the Nanking Massacre is an example of such atrocities. [195] During World War II, an estimated 200,000 Korean and Chinese women were forced into prostitution in Japanese military brothels as so-called " comfort women". [196] French Moroccan troops, known as Goumiers, committed rapes and other war crimes after the Battle of Monte Cassino. (See Marocchinate.) [197] French women in Normandy reported rapes during the liberation of Normandy. [198] Zitelli, Basil (2012). Zitelli and Davis' atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-07932-7. UK, The Huffington Post (2013-03-13). " 'Damaging Myths' About False Rape Accusations Harming Real Victims". HuffPost UK . Retrieved 2017-09-08.a b Corinne J. Saunders, Rape and Ravishment in the Literature of Medieval England, Boydell & Brewer, 2001, p. 20. Groth, Nicholas A. (1979). Men Who Rape: The Psychology of the Offender. New York, NY: Plenum Press. p.227. ISBN 978-0-7382-0624-0. FBI reports consistently put the number of "unfounded" rape accusations around 8%. The unfounded rate is higher for forcible rape than for any other Index crime. The average rate of unfounded reports for Index crimes is 2%. [159] "Unfounded" is not synonymous with a false allegation. [160] Bruce Gross of the Forensic Examiner described it as meaningless, saying a report could be marked as unfounded if there is no physical evidence or the alleged victim did not sustain any physical injuries.

a b Development of Global Prohibition Regimes: Pillage and Rape in War – Tuba Inal . Retrieved 2013-06-15. In many cultures, those who are raped have a high risk of suffering additional violence or threats of violence after the rape. This can be perpetrated by the rapist, friends, or relatives of the rapist. The intent can be to prevent the victim from reporting the rape.Other reasons for threats against those assaulted is to punish them for reporting it, or of forcing them to withdraw the complaint.The relatives of the person who has been raped may wish to prevent "bringing shame" to the family and may also threaten them. This is especially the case in cultures where female virginity is highly valued and considered mandatory before marriage; in extreme cases, rape victims are killed in honor killings. [10] [11] [12] [100] Treatment Pauwels, B. (2002). "Blaming the victim of rape: The culpable control model perspective." Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 63(5-B). Freedman, Estelle B. (2013). Redefining rape: sexual violence in the era of suffrage and segregation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-6747-2484-6.

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Men experience similar psychological effects of being raped, but they are less likely to seek counseling. [75] Ouimette PC, Riggs D (1998). "Testing a mediational model of sexually aggressive behavior in nonincarcerated perpetrators". Violence and Victims. 13 (2): 117–130. doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.13.2.117. PMID 9809392. S2CID 33967482.

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