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The Roman Salute: Cinema, History, Ideology

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Today in Germany, Nazi salutes in written form, vocally, and even straight-extending the right arm as a saluting gesture (with or without the phrase), are illegal. [76] [77] The offence is punishable by up to three years in prison ( Strafgesetzbuch section 86a). [77] [78] Usage for art, teaching and science is allowed unless "the existence of an insult results from the form of the utterance or the circumstances under which it occurred." [78] Use of the salute, or any phrases associated with the salute, has also been illegal in Austria since the end of World War II. If the head is not covered or when the personnel is carrying a rifle on the shoulder the head salute is performed by nodding the head forward slightly while maintaining erect posture. Use of this salute is illegal in modern-day Germany ( Strafgesetzbuch section 86a), Austria and Slovakia. [7] The use of any Nazi phrases associated with the salute is also forbidden. [8] In Italy, it is a criminal offence only if used with the intent to "reinstate the defunct National Fascist Party", or to exalt or promote its ideology or members. [9] In Canada and most of Europe (including the Czech Republic, [10] France, the Netherlands, Sweden, [7] Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Ukraine, and Russia), displaying the salute is not in itself a criminal offence, but constitutes hate speech if used for propagating the Nazi ideology. [11] [12] [7] Publicly performing the salute is also illegal in the Australian states of Tasmania and Victoria. [13] Description [ edit ] People performing the Nazi salute at the Harzburg Front rally in Bad Harzburg, October 1931 Hitler used to answer the common salute with his modified version, where his palm was parallel to the sky.

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The Wehrmacht refused to adopt the Hitler salute officially and was able for a time to maintain its customs. [66] A compromise edict from the Reich Defense Ministry, issued on 19 September 1933, required the Hitler salute of soldiers and uniformed civil servants while singing the " Horst-Wessel-Lied" and national anthem, and in non-military encounters both within and outside the Wehrmacht (for example, when greeting members of the civilian government). At all other times they were permitted to use their traditional salutes. [66] However, according to (pre-Nazi) Reichswehr and Wehrmacht protocol, the traditional military salute was prohibited when the saluting soldier was not wearing a uniform headgear (helmet or cap). Because of this, all bareheaded salutes used the Nazi salute, making it de facto mandatory in most situations. [67]Asian fans racially abused in Euro 2012 stadium". BBC. 29 May 2012. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012 . Retrieved 29 May 2012. Within the Turkish military hand salutes are only given when a cover (protection for the head, usually a hat) is worn.

Meet the Irriducibile, the fascist Lazio ultras | British GQ Meet the Irriducibile, the fascist Lazio ultras | British GQ

Büchner, Alex (1991). German Infantry Handbook, 1939–1945: Organization, Uniforms, Weapons, Equipment, Operations. Schipper Publishing. ISBN 978-0-88740-284-5.In India, it is common to see the Namaste greeting (or "Sat Sri Akal" for Sikhs) where the palms of the hands are pressed together and held near the heart with the head gently bowed. Winkler (2009), p. 55 The raised arm, first stretched out as a symbol of righteous fervor-as the Horatii evince it-and later as a symbol of political allegiance and religious-political unity between a people and its leader, becomes an important part of the iconography of new societies. In addition to its specific contemporary use the gesture comes to express, in a fashion that appears timeless and even mystical, an appeal to a higher being and to a heroic ancient past that had served as a model for most of Western civilization for centuries, although often in ways not supported by historical fact. David’s Oath of the Horatii provided the starting point for an arresting gesture that progressed from oath-taking to what will become known as the Roman salute. Beginning with Jacques-Louis David's painting The Oath of the Horatii (1784), an association of the gesture with Roman republican and imperial culture emerged. The gesture and its identification with Roman culture were further developed in other neoclassic artworks. In the United States, a similar salute for the Pledge of Allegiance known as the Bellamy salute was created by Francis Bellamy in 1892. The gesture was further elaborated upon in popular culture during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in plays and films that portrayed the salute as an ancient Roman custom. These included the 1914 Italian film Cabiria whose intertitles were written by the nationalist poet Gabriele d'Annunzio. In 1919, d'Annunzio adopted the cinematographically depicted salute as a neo-imperial ritual when he led an occupation of Fiume.

Pledge of Allegiance to the Mexican Flag - Wikipedia Pledge of Allegiance to the Mexican Flag - Wikipedia

On the night of 3 January 1942, Hitler stated the following about the compromise edict of 1933: [40] India [ edit ] The Chiefs of the Indian Army, Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force saluting at the Amar Jawan Jyoti. The three different salutes are shown.Queen Nazi salute film: Palace 'disappointed' at use". BBC News. 18 July 2015. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015 . Retrieved 22 July 2015. Separation, even after apartheid; Many whites fear for life after Mandela", (21 June 2013) National Post, Ontario

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