Feminist Media Studies: 9 (Media Culture & Society series)

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Ginsburg, F., Abu-Lughod, L. and Larkin, B. (eds) (2002) Media Worlds: Anthropology on New Terrain, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Jansson, A. (2002) “The Mediatization of Consumption: Toward an Analytical Framework of Image Culture,” Journal of Consumer Culture, 2(5): 5-31. It is essentially a reformist approach , which tends to see more equal gender relations being brought about by equal opportunities policies and affirmative action programs . It does not appear to question the power dimensions in society that maintain male superiority of status and female inferiority

Meyer, B. and Moors, A (eds) (2006) Religion, Media and the Public Sphere, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. The concept of “data steering” in the social domain unites the steering discourse and current data rhetoric with a very specific outcome: it suggests that factual data and their recognizable patterns will generate the steering. Administrative insights, official knowledge, policy directions, or citizens’ wishes do not have a self-evident place in this: after all, there is no similar discourse of administrative, policy, or civic steering. Data determines the direction, while administrators and officials sail along and citizens are not even on board, even though they co-own the ship since, after all, it sails on their data.

The effects model suggests that media can implant ideas in the mind of the audience directly. It is also known as the hypodermic needle model Identity is a performance, and it is constructed through a series of acts and 'expressions' that we perform every day. There is a list below of the type of stereotypical presentations Van Zoonen believes exists in the media:

Clark, L.S. (2003) From Angels to Aliens: Teenagers, the Media and the Supernatural, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Hirshkind, C. (2006) “Cassette Ethics: Public Piety and Popular Media in Egypt,” in B. Meyer and A. Moors (eds) Religion, Media and the Public Sphere, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, pp. 29-51. To watch/read/play/listen to/consume a media product is a process involving encoding by producers and decoding by audiences