English Cathedrals: Drawings by Dennis Creffield

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Irene Gammel and Chelsea Olsen. "Configuring a Feminist Sisterhood: The Case of Ettie's Memorializing." Florine Stettheimer: New Directions in Multimodal Modernism. Ed. Irene Gammel and Suzanne Zelazo. Toronto, 2019, p. 94. Christianity was carried to England by the Romans and spread throughout Britain, until the 5th century, when it waned through the departure of the Romans and the invasion by Saxons. In 597 Pope Gregory sent Augustine as a missionary from Rome to Canterbury where a church was established and run initially by secular canons, then Benedictine monks from the late Saxon period until 1540. The present cathedral church at Canterbury is the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of All England. [2] [5] Luke Jerram’s Museum of the Moon, featuring detailed Nasa imagery of the lunar surface, will be displayed at Bristol Cathedral in the second half of August, and later in the year at Wells Cathedral and Bath Abbey. The artist’s Gaia installation, a 7-metre (23ft) replica of Earth from an astronaut’s perspective, was at Ely Cathedral until last week, and opens at Wakefield Cathedral on 20 August. Roberta Smith. "Extreme Artifice Directly From Life (in New York Between the Wars)." New York Times (July 21, 1995), p. C18.

One of the influences on church architecture was the mausoleum. The mausoleum of a noble Roman was a square or circular domed structure which housed a sarcophagus. Constantine the Great built for his daughter Constantina a mausoleum which has a circular central space surrounded by a lower ambulatory or passageway separated by a colonnade. Pamela Wye. "Florine Stettheimer: Eccentric Power, Invisible Tradition." M / E / A / N / I / N / G: An Anthology of Artists' Writings, Theory, and Criticism. Ed. Susan Bee and Mira Schor. Durham, N.C., 2000, pp. 375–76, 382. Jutta Koether in Florine Stettheimer. Ed. Matthias Mühling, Karin Althaus, and Susanne Böller. Exh. cat., Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus und Kunstbau. Munich, 2014, pp. 164, 166. Only sixteen of these buildings had been cathedrals at the time of the Reformation: eight that were served by secular canons, and eight that were monastic. A further five cathedrals are former abbey churches which were reconstituted with secular canons as cathedrals of new dioceses by Henry VIII following the dissolution of the monasteries and which comprise, together with the former monastic cathedrals, the "Cathedrals of the New Foundation". Two further pre-Reformation monastic churches, which had survived as ordinary parish churches for 350 years, became cathedrals in the 19th and 20th centuries, as did the three medieval collegiate churches that retained their foundations for choral worship. [3] Most cathedrals and great churches have a cruciform groundplan. In churches of Western European tradition, the plan is usually longitudinal, in the form of the so-called Latin Cross with a long nave crossed by a transept. The transept may be as strongly projecting as at York Minster or not project beyond the aisles as at Amiens Cathedral.Section references:Banister Fletcher, [2] [ full citation needed] Wim Swaan, [5] [ full citation needed] Larousse. [14] [ full citation needed] All the medieval buildings that are now cathedrals of England were Roman Catholic in origin, as they predate the Reformation. All these buildings now serve the Church of England as a result of the change to the official religion of the country, which occurred in 1534 during the reign of Henry VIII.

It functioned as an ecclesiastical and social meeting-place for many people, not just those of the town in which it stood, but also, on occasions, for the entire region. Main article: Church architecture Plan of Old St Peter's Basilica, showing atrium (courtyard), narthex ( vestibule), central nave with double aisles, a bema for the clergy extending into a transept, and an exedra or semi-circular apse. Cathedrals, collegiate churches, and monastic churches like those of abbeys and priories, often have certain complex structural forms that are found less often in parish churches. They also tend to display a higher level of contemporary architectural style and the work of accomplished craftsmen, and occupy a status both ecclesiastical and social that an ordinary parish church rarely has. Such churches are generally among the finest buildings locally and a source of regional pride. Many are among the world's most renowned works of architecture. These include St Peter's Basilica, Notre-Dame de Paris, Cologne Cathedral, Salisbury Cathedral, Antwerp Cathedral, Prague Cathedral, Lincoln Cathedral, the Basilica of Saint-Denis, Santa Maria Maggiore, the Basilica of San Vitale, St Mark's Basilica, Westminster Abbey, Saint Basil's Cathedral, Antoni Gaudí's incomplete Sagrada Família and the ancient cathedral of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, now a mosque. By the time that St Peter's was completed, a style of architecture was developed by architects who knew all the rules that had been so carefully recovered, and chose to break them. The effect was a dynamic style of architecture in which the forms seem to take on life of their own, moving, swaying and undulating. The name Baroque means 'mis-shapen pearl'. [ citation needed]Steven Watson and Catherine Morris, ed. An Eye on the Modern Century: Selected Letters of Henry McBride. New Haven, 2000, pp. 12–13, fig. 4, date it about 1942–44.