Mother Hens: The Sunday Times Number One bestselling fiction debut

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Ravel, J. et al. Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(Suppl 1), 4680–4687, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1002611107 (2011). Yildirim, S. et al. Primate vaginal microbiomes exhibit species specificity without universal Lactobacillus dominance. ISME J 8, 2431–2444, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.90 (2014). The relative taxa abundance of the groups is presented as a mean % value. Alpha diversity was measured using the Faith PD and Shannon indexes. Beta diversity plots were constructed to visualize the categorical partition of the samples using unweighted UniFrac 46. To assess the association between microbial community and sampling location within the oviduct, egg, and embryo gut, pairwise PERMANOVA and ANOSIM analysis implemented in QIIME2 was performed on an unweighted UniFrac distance matrix of 63 samples. The significance of PERMANOVA was obtained by 999 permutation tests. Identification of bacterial taxa associated with sampling location

Lorenzen, E. et al. The vaginal microbiome is stable in prepubertal and sexually mature Ellegaard Gottingen Minipigs throughout an estrous cycle. Vet Res 46, 125, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-015-0274-0 (2015). Webster, A.B. (2003). "Physiology and behavior of the hen during induced moult". Poultry Science. 82 (6): 992–1002. doi: 10.1093/ps/82.6.992. PMID 12817455. Aagaard, K. et al. A metagenomic approach to characterization of the vaginal microbiome signature in pregnancy. PLoS One 7, e36466, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036466 (2012).Like the dove fluttering from heaven, hovering around Jesus as he emerged from the baptismal waters . . . Like a mother bird, wings pinned to the cross, still sheltering us from evil.

Brooks, J. P. et al. Changes in vaginal community state types reflect major shifts in the microbiome. Microb Ecol Health Dis 28, 1303265, https://doi.org/10.1080/16512235.2017.1303265 (2017). Yang, X. et al. The normal vaginal and uterine bacterial microbiome in giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Microbiol Res 199, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2017.01.003 (2017). Joe G. Berry. "Artificial Incubation". Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 4, 2010 . Retrieved September 29, 2010. As they grow bigger, they will need less and less warmth from their mother, but a mother hen will not stop brooding them until they physically can’t fit under her wings – at which point they will have a stronger immune system and better ability to protect themselves from the elements. El-Tarabany, Mahmoud S. (August 27, 2016). "Effect of thermal stress on fertility and egg quality of Japanese quail". Journal of Thermal Biology. 61: 38–43. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.08.004. PMID 27712658.

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Alhenaky, Alhanof; Abdelqader, Anas; Abuajamieh, Mohannad; Al-Fataftah, Abdur-Rahman (November 3, 2017). "The effect of heat stress on intestinal integrity and Salmonella invasion in broiler birds". Journal of Thermal Biology. 70 (Pt B): 9–14. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.10.015. PMID 29108563. Ding, Kang-Ning; Lu, Meng-Han; Guo, Yan-Na; Liang, Shao-Shan; Mou, Rui-Wei; He, Yong-Ming He; Tang, Lu-Ping (December 14, 2022). "Resveratrol relieves chronic heat stress-induced liver oxidative damage in broilers by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway". Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 249: 114411. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114411. PMID 36525949. S2CID 254723325. The answer to this isn’t straightforward. There are two parts to how this is answered, the first is that it depends on the hen.