Roche - Combur 9 Test Strips (x100)

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Self-monitoring with urine test strips under the guidance of a health professional is an effective method for monitoring the disease state. This applies particularly to diabetics, where the idea of self-monitoring of the metabolic status (determinations of glucose and ketones) is self-evident. A computed tomography urogram (CTU) is regarded as the current gold standard for imaging in the investigation of visible Nitrites are not usually found in urine and are associated with the presence of bacteria that can convert nitrate into nitrite. The presence of nitrites can be suggestive of a UTI but clinical presentation of symptoms should also be taken into account. The absence of nitrites, however, does not always rule out the presence of a UTI; Devillé et al (2004) identified that in approximately 50% of urine samples containing bacteria, the nitrites test was negative. Leucocytes (white blood cells) and anti-platelet medicines are more likely to exacerbate, rather than cause, haematuria. Therefore patients who are There are strips which serve different purposes, such as qualitative strips that only determine if the sample is positive or negative, or there are semi-quantitative ones that in addition to providing a positive or negative reaction also provide an estimation of a quantitative result, in the latter the colour reactions are approximately proportional to the concentration of the substance being tested for in the sample. [2] The reading of the results is carried out by comparing the pad colours with a colour scale provided by the manufacturer, no additional equipment is needed. [3]

In a healthy person, urine does not contain a level of protein that is detectable on a urine reagent strip. This is due to the protein molecules being too large to pass through the glomerular filtration barrier. When protein can pass through this barrier, it is known as proteinuria. Proteinuria can be caused by many things, such as damage or disease to the glomerular filtration barrier; hypertension; kidney damage; diabetes mellitus; and pre-eclampsia (Mulryan, 2011). Specific investigations will be required to detect the cause of proteinuria. Ketones The term ketones or ketone bodies in reality refers to three intermediate products in the metabolism of fatty acids; acetone, acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Elevated concentrations of ketones are not generally found in urine, as all these substances are completely metabolized, producing energy, carbon dioxide and water. However, the disruption of carbohydrate metabolism can lead to metabolic imbalances and the appearance of ketones as a by-product of the metabolism of an organism's fat reserves. on behalf of the Renal Association and British Association of Urological Surgeons. 2008. Available from: www.baus.org.uk (Accessed Maximum reading convenience - Combur-Test strips allow to simultaneously read all reagent pads between 1 and 2 minutes while the long strip handle keeps fingers clear of the specimen Resistance to ascorbic acid - Combur-Test ® strips are protected by iodate against ascorbic acid interference with both glucose and hemoglobin determinations eliminating virtually false-negative results and the need to recollect and retest specimens.from lysed RBC caused by haemolytic conditions, or myoglobin from crush injuries, rhabdomyolysis or myositis. As a consequence, and infectious lesions, which can also cause haematuria. 18 Furthermore, a study where 182 patients underwent

False positive reactions can be due to unusual pigments in the urine (for example, yellowy orange phenazopyridine metabolites, indican and the metabolites of the medicine Lodine ( Etodolac)). False negatives can also be given by poorly stored samples as the bilirubin is photosensitive and undergoes photo oxidation to biliverdin when it is exposed to light, or hydrolysis of the glucuronide can occur producing free bilirubin which is less reactive. [6] Urobilinogen test [ edit ] Thin basement membrane disease, also known as benign familial haematuria, is the most common reason for persistent haemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria and to detect dysmorphic red blood cells and urinary casts indicating a medical renal a b c Strasinger, Susan K.; Di Lorenzo Schaub, Marjorie (2008). "5". Análisis de orina y de los líquidos corporales (in Spanish) (5ªed.). Editorial panamericana. pp.56–57. ISBN 978-950-06-1938-7 . Retrieved 13 March 2012.

M160ML

The test for leukocyte esterase is purely indicative and should not be solely relied on for diagnosis, as it does not replace microscopic or urine culture examinations. [19] Bilirubin: Clinical aspects > cirrhosis of the liver / intra- and extrahepatic / obstructive jaundice / hepatocellular jaundice Marieb EN, Hoehn K (2010) Human Anatomy and Physiology. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Benjamin Cummings.