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Reynolds, Simon (1998). Energy Flash: A Journey Through Rave Music and Dance Culture. Picador. As Belgian hardcore swamped Europe, dominating the underground rave circuit and penetrating the pop charts, the techno cognoscenti blanched in horror at the new style's brutalism. From "The in Crowd" to the "Happy People" | Uppers Culture Lifestyle". Uppers.org. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015 . Retrieved 3 June 2015. Acid house and Acid techno – 808 State, Guru Josh, Brian Dougans, The KLF, Josh Wink, Michele Sainte, Phuture, Luke Vibert, Acidwolf, Lone a b c "Corpus Techno: The music of the future will soon be history". MUNICHfound.com. July 1997 . Retrieved 25 February 2017.
a b "The pioneering days of techno". Der Spiegel (in German). 31 July 2008 . Retrieved 25 February 2017.Bennett Andy, Peterson Richard A.: Music Scenes: Local, Translocal and Virtual. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2004 In Berlin, Still Partying in the Ruins". The New York Times. 21 November 2014 . Retrieved 25 February 2017. By the middle of 1992, the scene was slowly changing, with local councils passing by-laws and increasing fees in an effort to prevent or discourage rave organisations from acquiring necessary licences. [ citation needed] This meant that the days of the large one-off parties were numbered. By the mid-1990s, the scene had also fragmented into many different styles of dance music, making large parties more expensive to set up and more difficult to promote. The sound driving the big raves of the early 1990s had by the end of 1993 split into two distinct and polarising styles, the darker jungle and the faster happy hardcore. Although many ravers left the scene due to the split, promoters such as ESP Dreamscape and Helter Skelter still enjoyed widespread popularity and capacity attendances with multi-arena events catering to the various genres. Notable events of this period included ESP's outdoor Dreamscape 20 event on 9 September 1995 at Brafield aerodrome fields, Northants and Helter Skelter's Energy 97 outdoor event on 9 August 1997 at Turweston Aerodrome, Northants. a b Helen Evans. "OUT OF SIGHT, OUT OF MIND: An Analysis of Rave culture" . Retrieved 25 October 2007. The term rave first came into use in late 50s Britain as a name for the wild bohemian parties of the time. Glitter can vary from normal sized to very fine depending on availability. But all glitters shine in the sun.
a b Klein, Mary; Kramer, Frances (February 2004). "Rave drugs: pharmacological considerations" (PDF). AANA Journal. American Association of Nurse Anesthetists. 72 (1): 61–67. ISSN 0094-6354. PMID 15098519. S2CID 41926572. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2021 . Retrieved 17 August 2021. While the 1990s are remembered, musically, as being dominated by Britpop, acid house and rave helped dissolve invisible markers of race and class. It united myriad, disparate groups through a passion for electronic music and dancing in open-minded, recreational spaces that weren’t dominated by alcohol and aggressive masculinity – rave is often credited as a key factor in the decline of football hooliganism. Collin, Matthew. Altered State: The Story of Ecstasy and Acid House. London: 1997 : Serpent's Tail – How rave dances began in Manchester, England in the Summer of 1988 (the Second Summer of Love) and the aftermath. ISBN 1-85242-604-7.
However, disco dancers and ravers preferred different drugs. Whereas 1970s disco scene members preferred cocaine and the depressant/sedative Quaaludes, ravers preferred MDMA, 2C-B, amphetamine, and other pills. According to the FBI, raves are one of the most popular venues where club drugs are distributed, and as such feature a prominent drug subculture. [57] [58] Club drugs include MDMA (more commonly known as "ecstasy", "E" or "molly"), 2C-B (more commonly known as "nexus"), amphetamine (commonly referred to as "speed"), GHB (commonly referred to as "fantasy" or "liquid E"), cocaine (commonly referred to as "coke"), DMT, and LSD (commonly referred to as "lucy" or "acid"). [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] A sense of participation in a group event is among the chief appeals of rave music and dancing to pulsating beats is its immediate outlet. [43] [44] Raving in itself is a syllabus-free dance, whereby the movements are not predefined and the dance is performed randomly, dancers take immediate inspiration from the music, their mood and watching other people dancing. Thus, the electronic, rave and club dances refer to the street dance styles that evolved alongside electronic music culture. Such dances are street dances since they evolved alongside the underground rave and club movements, without the intervention of dance studios. These dances were originated in some 'scenes' around the world, becoming known only to ravers or clubgoers who attempt to these locations. They were originated at some point that certain moves had begun to be performed to several people at those places, creating a completely freestyle, yet still highly complex set of moves, adaptable to every dancer change and dance whatever they want based on these moves. Many rave dancing techniques suggest using your body as an extension of the music, to loosen up, and let the music flow through the body to create a unique form of movement. Characteristics edit Music edit The Roland TB-303 is a synthesizer featured in acid house music. The TR-909 is a drum machine used in techno, house and many other genres. Rave music is usually presented in a DJ set, using a mixer and turntables or CDJs.
There’s something about young people on a dancefloor that’s not going to die. As long as new scenes are happening, and they absolutely are happening today, the music and the ethos of the time seems to seep into people’s lives in times anew,” says Hurley.
Armenian, Mamantov, Tsutaoka, Gerona, Silman, Wu, Olson (2012). "Multiple MDMA (Ecstasy) Overdoses at a Rave Event-A Case Series". Journal of Intensive Care Medicine. 28 (4): 252–258. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.668.2071. doi: 10.1177/0885066612445982. PMID 22640978. S2CID 26074659. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) Hutson, Scott R. (2000). "The Rave: Spiritual Healing in Modern Western Subcultures". Anthropological Quarterly. 73 (1): 40–41. JSTOR 3317473. Anderson, Tammy L. (2009). "Understanding the Alteration and Decline of a Music Scene: Observations from Rave Culture". Sociological Forum. 24 (2): 309–311. doi: 10.1111/j.1573-7861.2009.01101.x. JSTOR 40210403. Adlaf, Edward M.; Smart, Reginald G. (1997). "Party Subculture or Dens of Doom? An Epidemiological Study of Rave Attendance and Drug Use Patterns Among Adolescent Students". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 29 (2): 193–198. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.563.3586. doi: 10.1080/02791072.1997.10400187. ISSN 0279-1072. PMID 9250946.
a b Degenhardt, Louisa; Copeland, Jan; Dillon, Paul (2005). "Recent trends in the use of "club drugs": an Australian review". Substance Use & Misuse. Taylor & Francis. 40 (9–10): 1241–1256. doi: 10.1081/JA-200066777. eISSN 1532-2491. ISSN 1082-6084. LCCN 2006268261. PMID 16048815. S2CID 25509945. Robinson, Roxy (2016). Music Festivals and the Politics of Participation. Routledge. p. 33. ISBN 978-1317091998 . Retrieved 10 September 2016. Downtempo and less dance oriented styles which are sometimes called chill-out music, that might be heard in a rave "chill-out" room or at a rave that plays slower electronic music includes: In West Germany and West Berlin, a substantial acid house scene had established itself in the late 1980s. [77] In the West Berlin club Ufo, an illegal party venue located in the basement of an old apartment building, the first acid house parties took place in 1988. [78] [79] In Munich at this time, the Negerhalle (1983–1989) and the ETA-Halle established themselves as the first acid house clubs in temporarily used, dilapidated industrial halls, marking the beginning of the so-called hall culture in Germany. [80] [81] In July 1989, the first Love Parade took place in West Berlin. [79] [82] Reynolds, Simon: Generation Ecstasy: Into the World of Techno and Rave Culture. New York: Routledge, 1999.The musical contribution of Brooklyn's DJ-producer Joey Beltram to R&S Records, run by Renaat Vandepapeliere, was instrumental in the development of iconic Belgian techno sounds and anthems. [71] [72] Canada edit Parallel to the established club scene, illegal raves remained an integral part of the German rave scene throughout the 1990s. In urbanised Germany illegal raves and techno parties often preferred industrial sceneries such as decommissioned power stations, factories, the canalisation or former military properties of the cold war. [87] Since the late 1980s, rave fashion has undergone constant evolution with each new generation of ravers. Many of the rave fashion trends have appeared internationally, but there were also individual developments from region to region and from scene to scene. [46] Fairy fashion rave wear (2013) Arlidge, John (2 May 1995). "The day the music died, Hanger 13, Scotland's top rave venue, has been closed after three Ecstasy-related deaths". independent.co.uk/. The Independent Newspaper UK . Retrieved 5 October 2015. a b c d e "Club Drugs". drugabuse.gov. North Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute on Drug Abuse. 2021 . Retrieved 17 August 2021.
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