The Noble Quran

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a b P.M. Holt, Ann K.S. Lambton and Bernard Lewis (1970). The Cambridge history of Islam (Reprint.ed.). Cambridge Univ. Press. p.32. ISBN 978-0-521-29135-4. Dukes, Kais. "RE: Number of Unique Words in the Quran". The Mail Archive . Retrieved 29 October 2012. Tabataba'I, Allamah. "The Principles of Interpretation of the Qur'an". Tafseer Al-Mizan. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008 . Retrieved 16 February 2021. The Qur'an draws attention to the danger of conjecturing without evidence ( And follow not that of which you have not the (certain) knowledge of... 17:36) and in several different verses asks Muslims to require proofs ( Say: Bring your proof if you are truthful 2:111), both in matters of theological belief and in natural science.

Hadith are primarily from Muhammad but some are from those closest to him. Muslim scholars have worked carefully to authenticate them; see Hadith studies#Evaluating authenticity. The Quran most likely existed in scattered written form during Muhammad's lifetime. Several sources indicate that during Muhammad's lifetime a large number of his companions had memorized the revelations. Early commentaries and Islamic historical sources support the above-mentioned understanding of the Quran's early development. [25] University of Chicago professor Fred Donner states that: [64] English Translations of the Quran". Monthly Crescent. July 2009. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. The Quran presents itself with a number of names and descriptions which are worth reflecting on. Here are just a few:

The Noble Qur'an (Read Qur'an in English, Listen Qur'an)

The Quran frequently asserts in its text that it is divinely ordained. Some verses in the Quran seem to imply that even those who do not speak Arabic would understand the Quran if it were recited to them. [84] The Quran refers to a written pre-text, "the preserved tablet", that records God's speech even before it was sent down. [85] [86] Nigosian, Solomon A. (2004). Islam: Its History, Teaching and Practices (Newed.). Indiana University Press. pp.65–80. ISBN 978-0-253-21627-4. Traditionally great emphasis was put on children memorizing the 6,200+ verses of the Quran, those succeeding being honored with the title Hafiz. "Millions and millions" of Muslims "refer to the Koran daily to explain their actions and to justify their aspirations," [xiii] and in recent years many consider it the source of scientific knowledge. [81] [82] Rosenthal, Herman; Waldstein, A. S. "Körner, Moses B. Eliezer". Jewish Encyclopedia . Retrieved 15 August 2022. Best Quran Recitation Competition for Students Planned in Egypt". iqna.ir. 4 May 2020. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020.

In other verses, the word refers to 'an individual passage recited [by Muhammad]'. Its liturgical context is seen in a number of passages, for example: "So when al-qur'ān is recited, listen to it and keep silent." [34] The word may also assume the meaning of a codified scripture when mentioned with other scriptures such as the Torah and Gospel. [35]Muslims believe the Quran to be God's final revelation to humanity, a work of divine guidance revealed to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel. [18] [76] Roy H. Williams; Michael R. Drew (2012). Pendulum: How Past Generations Shape Our Present and Predict Our Future. Vanguard Press. p.143. ISBN 978-1-59315-706-7. The final verse of the Quran was revealed on the 18th of the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah in the year 10 A.H., a date that roughly corresponds to February or March 632. The verse was revealed after the Prophet finished delivering his sermon at Ghadir Khumm. Dorn (2002). "Chronologisches Verzeichnis, 371". In McAuliffe, Jane Dammen (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān. Vol.3. Leiden: Brill. p.251. ISBN 90-04-12354-7.

The Quran is often vivid in its depiction of what will happen at the end time. Watt describes the Quranic view of End Time: [40] Melchert, Christopher (2008). "The Relation of the Ten Readings to One Another". Journal of Quranic Studies. 10 (2): 73–87. doi: 10.3366/e1465359109000424.

The term also has closely related synonyms that are employed throughout the Quran. Each synonym possesses its own distinct meaning, but its use may converge with that of qur'ān in certain contexts. Such terms include kitāb ('book'), āyah ('sign'), and sūrah ('scripture'); the latter two terms also denote units of revelation. In the large majority of contexts, usually with a definite article ( al-), the word is referred to as the waḥy ('revelation'), that which has been "sent down" ( tanzīl) at intervals. [36] [37] Other related words include: dhikr ('remembrance'), used to refer to the Quran in the sense of a reminder and warning; and ḥikmah ('wisdom'), sometimes referring to the revelation or part of it. [11] [vi] The word qur'ān appears about 70 times in the Quran itself, assuming various meanings. It is a verbal noun ( maṣdar) of the Arabic verb qara'a ( قرأ) meaning 'he read' or 'he recited'. The Syriac equivalent is qeryānā ( ܩܪܝܢܐ), which refers to 'scripture reading' or 'lesson'. [32] While some Western scholars consider the word to be derived from the Syriac, the majority of Muslim authorities hold the origin of the word is qara'a itself. [11] Regardless, it had become an Arabic term by Muhammad's lifetime. [11] An important meaning of the word is the 'act of reciting', as reflected in an early Quranic passage: "It is for Us to collect it and to recite it ( qur'ānahu)." [33] Muslims believe that the present wording of the Quran corresponds to that revealed to Muhammad, and according to their interpretation of Quran 15:9, it is protected from corruption ("Indeed, it is We who sent down the Quran and indeed, We will be its guardian."). [87] Muslims consider the Quran to be a guide, a sign of the prophethood of Muhammad and the truth of the religion. Luxenberg, Christoph (2007). The Syro-Aramaic reading of the Koran: a contribution to the decoding of the language of the Koran. Berlin: H. Schiler. ISBN 978-3-89930-088-8.

see Jamal Malik (6 April 2020). Islam in South Asia: Revised, Enlarged and Updated Second Edition. BRILL. p.580. ISBN 978-90-04-42271-1. Frishkopf, Michael (28 December 2009). "Mediated Qur'anic Recitation and the Contestation of Islam in Contemporary Egypt". In Nooshin, Laundan (ed.). In Music and Play of Power in the Middle East. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7546-3457-7. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020 – via pdfslide.net.Nelson, Kristina (2001). The art of reciting the Qur'an (Newed.). Cairo [u.a.]: American Univ. in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-977-424-594-7. Few have failed to be convinced that … the Quran is … the words of Muhammad, perhaps even dictated by him after their recitation." [58] a b Donner, Fred (2006). "The historical context". In McAuliffe, Jane Dammen (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to the Qur'ān. Cambridge University Press. pp.31–33. Khaleel Mohammed says, "What is particularly egregious about this interpolation is that it is followed by an extremely long footnote to justify its hate based on traditions from medieval texts". [5] Buhl, Fr. (2012) [1913–1936]. "Muhammad". In Houtsma, M. Th.; Arnold, T. W.; Basset, R.; Hartmann, R. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Islam (1ed.). doi: 10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_4746. ISBN 978-90-04-08265-6.