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Asparagine and aspartate hydroxylation of the cytoskeletal ankyrin family is catalyzed by factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor. This section possibly contains original research. Almost nothing in this section is tied to reliable sources, and there's a great deal of prescriptivist punditry about "codification" of various "rules". Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( January 2016) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Wright, R. M. et al. Positive genetic associations among fitness traits support evolvability of a reef-building coral under multiple stressors. Glob. Chang. Biol. 25, 3294–3304 (2019). Fine, M., Gildor, H. & Genin, A. A coral reef refuge in the Red Sea. Glob. Chang. Biol. 19, 3640–3647 (2013). Silveira, C. B. et al. Biophysical and physiological processes causing oxygen loss from coral reefs. Elife 8, (2019).
An example of an ambiguous phrase appears in they stood near a group of alien lovers, which without a hyphen implies that they stood near a group of lovers who were aliens; they stood near a group of alien-lovers clarifies that they stood near a group of people who loved aliens, as "alien" can be either an adjective or a noun. On the other hand, in the phrase a hungry pizza-lover, the hyphen will often be omitted (a hungry pizza lover), as "pizza" cannot be an adjective and the phrase is therefore unambiguous. Keith Houston (2013). Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks. W.W. Norton & Company. p.132. ISBN 978-0-393-06442-1. Here, “chocolate” and “covered” describe that the mountain is covered in chocolate. Therefore, we use a hyphen to connect these words. The use of the hyphen in English compound nouns and verbs has, in general, been steadily declining. Compounds that might once have been hyphenated are increasingly left with spaces or are combined into one word. Reflecting this changing usage, in 2007, the sixth edition of the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary removed the hyphens from 16,000entries, such as fig-leaf (now fig leaf), pot-belly (now pot belly), and pigeon-hole (now pigeonhole). [10] The increasing prevalence of computer technology and the advent of the Internet have given rise to a subset of common nouns that might have been hyphenated in the past (e.g., toolbar, hyperlink, and pastebin).In contrast, a hyphen that is always displayed and printed is called a "hard hyphen". This can be a Unicode hyphen, a hyphen-minus, or a nonbreaking hyphen (see below). Confusingly, the term is sometimes limited to nonbreaking hyphens. [ citation needed] Nonbreaking hyphens [ edit ]
Kurihara, T. et al. Hypoxia-induced metabolic stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells is sufficient to induce photoreceptor degeneration. Elife 5, (2016). Alexa, A. & Rahnenführer, J. Gene set enrichment analysis with topGO. http://www.mpi-sb.mpg.de/alexa (2019). Due to their similar appearances, hyphens are sometimes mistakenly used where an en dash or em dash would be more appropriate. [32] Varied meanings [ edit ]Writers may also use hyphens for the Enunciation of words. Whenever we have to teach someone how to pronounce a particular word, we slowly pronounce it to make it easier to understand. Consider this example: To explore for any consistencies or differences between normoxic and deoxygenated heat stress, we evaluated the expression profiles of 20,115 assembled transcripts using RNA-Seq. Principal component analysis revealed that samples were largely separated by the heat stress temperature, with PC1 explaining 74% of the variation (Fig. 1d). In addition, we found sub-clustering of samples at 30 °C and 33 °C versus 36 °C and 39 °C (Fig. 1 c, d). Further, samples at 39 °C under deoxygenated heat stress conditions were most distinct and separated from 39 °C heat stress samples suggesting that deoxygenation exerts a more pronounced effect under high heat stress. Lastly, greater dispersion of samples, i.e. a higher variance, was consistently demonstrated by heat and deoxygenation samples compared to heat only samples across all temperatures. Corals exhibit a similar response to heat stress with and without deoxygenation Keith Houston (2013). Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks. W.W. Norton & Company. p.121. ISBN 978-0-393-06442-1. Gary Lutz; Diane Stevenson (2005). The Writer's Digest grammar desk reference. Writer's Digest Books. p.296. ISBN 978-1-58297-335-7. Like vs. Like-Like: A Look at Reduplication in English". Dictionary.com. 26 September 2013 . Retrieved 15 April 2023.
Mint3 enhances the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in macrophages by suppressing the activity of factor inhibiting HIF-1.In the ASCII character encoding, the hyphen (or minus) is character 45 10. [33] As Unicode is identical to ASCII (the 1967 version) for all encodings up to 127 10, the number 45 10 (2D 16) is also assigned to this character in Unicode, where it is denoted as U+002D - HYPHEN-MINUS. [34] Unicode has, in addition, other encodings for minus and hyphen characters: U+2212 − MINUS SIGN and U+2010 ‐ HYPHEN, respectively. The unambiguous hyphen at U+2010 is generally inconvenient to enter on most keyboards and the glyphs for this hyphen and the hyphen-minus are identical in most fonts ( Lucida Sans Unicode is one of the few exceptions). Consequently, use of the hyphen-minus as the hyphen character is very common. Even the Unicode Standard regularly uses the hyphen-minus rather than the U+2010 hyphen. U+FF65 ･ HALFWIDTH KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT (compatibility character for a wide katakana middle dot, has the Unicode property of "Hyphen" despite its name) U+FF0D － FULLWIDTH HYPHEN-MINUS (compatibility character for a wide hyphen-minus, used in East Asian typography)
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