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The Ultimate Dinosaur Encyclopedia

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Perfect for homework or just for fun, let your little dinosaur lover be captivated by the incredible range of prehistoric beasts on display! They'll unearth fossils and learn where dinosaurs came from, how they lived, what happened to them, and so much more. It's the ultimate encyclopedia that every young fossil hunter will want to own! Dinosaur bones 'used as medicine' ". BBC News. London: BBC. July 6, 2007. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019 . Retrieved November 4, 2019. By human standards, dinosaurs were creatures of fantastic appearance and often enormous size. As such, they have captured the popular imagination and become an enduring part of human culture. The entry of the word "dinosaur" into the common vernacular reflects the animals' cultural importance: in English, "dinosaur" is commonly used to describe anything that is impractically large, obsolete, or bound for extinction. [329] Desmond, Adrian J. (1975). The Hot-Blooded Dinosaurs: A Revolution in Palaeontology. London: Blond & Briggs. ISBN 978-0-8037-3755-6. LCCN 76359907. OL 4933052M . Retrieved October 30, 2019. Marine reptiles, such as ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs and mosasaurs are not dinosaurs. Nor is Dimetrodon or other reptiles in the same group (previously called 'mammal-like reptiles' and now called synapsids) .

Paul, Gregory S. 2000. The Scientific American book of dinosaurs. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-26226-4 Scholarly descriptions of what would now be recognized as dinosaur bones first appeared in the late 17th century in England. Part of a bone, now known to have been the femur of a Megalosaurus, [43] was recovered from a limestone quarry at Cornwell near Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, in 1676. The fragment was sent to Robert Plot, Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford and first curator of the Ashmolean Museum, who published a description in his The Natural History of Oxford-shire (1677). [44] He correctly identified the bone as the lower extremity of the femur of a large animal, and recognized that it was too large to belong to any known species. He, therefore, concluded it to be the femur of a huge human, perhaps a Titan or another type of giant featured in legends. [45] [46] Edward Lhuyd, a friend of Sir Isaac Newton, published Lithophylacii Britannici ichnographia (1699), the first scientific treatment of what would now be recognized as a dinosaur when he described and named a sauropod tooth, " Rutellum impicatum", [47] [48] that had been found in Caswell, near Witney, Oxfordshire. [49] Sir Richard Owen's coining of the word dinosaur, in the 1842 revised version of his talk at an 1841 meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.Microraptoria (characterized by large wings on both the arms and legs; may have been capable of powered flight) They may have began earlier: Alcobar, Oscar A.; Martinez, Ricardo N. (19 October 2010). "A new herrerasaurid (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina". ZooKeys (63): 55–81. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.63.550. PMC 3088398. PMID 21594020. Discover the world of dinosaurs with our comprehensive list of all known dinosaur species. From the ferocious T-Rex to the majestic Stegosaurus, our list includes over 300 dinosaur names, each with detailed information and images. Holland, William J. (May 1910). "A Review of Some Recent Criticisms of the Restorations of Sauropod Dinosaurs Existing in the Museums of the United States, with Special Reference to that of Diplodocus Carnegiei in the Carnegie Museum". The American Naturalist. American Society of Naturalists. 44 (521): 259–283. doi: 10.1086/279138. ISSN 0003-0147. S2CID 84424110 . Retrieved October 18, 2019.

World War II caused a pause in palaeontological research; after the war, research attention was also diverted increasingly to fossil mammals rather than dinosaurs, which were seen as sluggish and cold-blooded. [60] [61] At the end of the 1960s, however, the field of dinosaur research experienced a surge in activity that remains ongoing. [62] Several seminal studies led to this activity. First, John Ostrom discovered the bird-like dromaeosaurid theropod Deinonychus and described it in 1969. Its anatomy indicated that it was an active predator that was likely warm-blooded, in marked contrast to the then-prevailing image of dinosaurs. [60] Concurrently, Robert T. Bakker published a series of studies that likewise argued for active lifestyles in dinosaurs based on anatomical and ecological evidence (see §Physiology), [63] [64] which were subsequently summarized in his 1986 book The Dinosaur Heresies. [65] Paleontologist Robert T. Bakker with a mounted skeleton of a tyrannosaurid ( Gorgosaurus libratus)

Heilmann, Gerhard (1926). The Origin of Birds. London; New York: H. F. & G. Witherby; D. Appleton & Company. LCCN 27001127. OCLC 606021642. Mayr, Gerald (2009). Paleogene Fossil Birds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-89628-9. ISBN 978-3-540-89627-2. LCCN 2008940962. OCLC 916182693. S2CID 88941254 . Retrieved October 30, 2019. The word 'dinosaur' comes from Greek, meaning 'terrible lizard, [ "Dinosaurs - What's in a name?". Children's BBC. 26 October 2001 . Retrieved 2009-10-03. ] and was coined by English biologist Richard Owen in 1842. [ "Richard Owen". Natural History Museum . Retrieved 2009-10-05. ] Dinosaurs began in the Upper Triassic, about 230 million years ago (mya). [3] The earliest date of a dinosaur fossil is that of Eoraptor and Herrerasaurus from Argentina, and Saturnalia from Brazil, 237 to 228 mya. [4] Comparisons between the scleral rings of dinosaurs and modern birds and reptiles have been used to infer daily activity patterns of dinosaurs. Although it has been suggested that most dinosaurs were active during the day, these comparisons have shown that small predatory dinosaurs such as dromaeosaurids, Juravenator, and Megapnosaurus were likely nocturnal. Large and medium-sized herbivorous and omnivorous dinosaurs such as ceratopsians, sauropodomorphs, hadrosaurids, ornithomimosaurs may have been cathemeral, active during short intervals throughout the day, although the small ornithischian Agilisaurus was inferred to be diurnal. [173]

Sternberg, Charles Mortram (1966) [Original edition published by E. Cloutier, printer to the King, 1946]. Canadian Dinosaurs. Geological Series. Vol.54 (2nded.). Ottawa: National Museum of Canada. LCCN gs46000214. OCLC 1032865683. For 150 million years, dinosaurs were the undisputed rulers of the Earth. This book profiles the creatures who lived during the great Age of Reptiles, the real-life giants and monsters such as the Tyrannosaurus rex and Stegosaurus who once dominated our planet. From the fossil record, it is known that birds are living feathered dinosaurs. [6] They evolved from earlier theropods during the later Jurassic. [7] They were the only line of dinosaurs to survive to the present day. [8] While dinosaurs were ancestrally bipedal, many extinct groups included quadrupedal species, and some were able to shift between these stances. Elaborate display structures such as horns or crests are common to all dinosaur groups, and some extinct groups developed skeletal modifications such as bony armor and spines. While the dinosaurs' modern-day surviving avian lineage (birds) are generally small due to the constraints of flight, many prehistoric dinosaurs (non-avian and avian) were large-bodied—the largest sauropod dinosaurs are estimated to have reached lengths of 39.7 meters (130 feet) and heights of 18m (59ft) and were the largest land animals of all time. The misconception that non-avian dinosaurs were uniformly gigantic is based in part on preservation bias, as large, sturdy bones are more likely to last until they are fossilized. Many dinosaurs were quite small, some measuring about 50 centimeters (20 inches) in length. Starrfelt, Jostein; Liow, Lee Hsiang (2016). "How many dinosaur species were there? Fossil bias and true richness estimated using a Poisson sampling model". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 371 (1691): 20150219. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0219. PMC 4810813. PMID 26977060.The smallest dinosaur known is the bee hummingbird, [156] with a length of only 5 centimeters (2.0in) and mass of around 1.8g (0.063oz). [157] The smallest known non- avialan dinosaurs were about the size of pigeons and were those theropods most closely related to birds. [158] For example, Anchiornis huxleyi is currently the smallest non-avialan dinosaur described from an adult specimen, with an estimated weight of 110g (3.9oz) [159] and a total skeletal length of 34 centimeters (1.12ft). [158] [159] The smallest herbivorous non-avialan dinosaurs included Microceratus and Wannanosaurus, at about 60 centimeters (2.0ft) long each. [160] [161] Behavior A nesting ground of the hadrosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum was discovered in 1978

Lambert, David; The Diagram Group (1990). The Dinosaur Data Book: The Definitive, Fully Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs. New York: Avon Books. ISBN 978-0-380-75896-8. LCCN 89092487. OCLC 21833417 . Retrieved October 14, 2019. Crane, George R. (ed.). "Greek Dictionary Headword Search Results". Perseus 4.0. Medford and Somerv The Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, which occurred approximately 66million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous, caused the extinction of all dinosaur groups except for the neornithine birds. Some other diapsid groups, including crocodilians, dyrosaurs, sebecosuchians, turtles, lizards, snakes, sphenodontians, and choristoderans, also survived the event. [126] University of Southampton (September 29, 2021). "Two New Species of Large Predatory Dinosaur With Crocodile-Like Skulls Discovered on Isle of Wight". SciTechDaily. Megaraptora (theropods with large hand claws; either carnosaurs or coelurosaurs, potentially tyrannosauroids)Paul, Gregory S. (2002). Dinosaurs of the Air: The Evolution and Loss of Flight in Dinosaurs and Birds. Baltimore; London: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6763-7. LCCN 2001000242. OCLC 1088130487. . Mantell, Gideon A. (1825). "Notice on the Iguanodon, a newly discovered fossil reptile, from the sandstone of Tilgate forest, in Sussex". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. London: Royal Society. 115: 179–186. Bibcode: 1825RSPT..115..179M. doi: 10.1098/rstl.1825.0010. ISSN 0261-0523. JSTOR 107739.

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