Myles Textbook for Midwives

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The book covers key frameworks that govern midwifery practice, exploring ethical and legal frameworks that are essential to every accountable, autonomous, professional midwife.

Senior Lecturer – Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK Chapter 19 Prolonged pregnancy and disorders of uterine action

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Foreword are not being provided with sufficient opportunity to attend, yet classes can make a big difference to women’s experiences of birth and parenting. In addition she draws attention to the value they have in giving women social networks. This has been evident in my daughter’s experience of classes in Germany. Whilst she was critical of some of the content of the classes, she and four other women who birthed one to 10 days apart, have supported each other in parenting. Two years on they remain good friends. Chapter 13 skilfully draws together the most significant medical conditions a midwife is likely to encounter in her practice. Much attention is given to obesity. The authors qualify that although obesity is not in itself a disease it is considered abnormal in western cultures and is now a key health concern affecting society. They discuss the additional risks to pregnant women who are obese and the association of obesity with poor socioeconomic status. Midwives have a key role in educating these women and their families to develop healthier life styles, but the women will only be receptive if they do not experience judgemental attitudes. Myles advice to midwives in the 1960s that, ‘nature is capable of performing her function without aid in most instances; meddlesome midwifery increases the hazards of birth’, is still as relevant today. In this edition, given all the technological advances in the maternity services, Section 4 on labour begins by reminding students that: ‘birth is a physiological process characterized by non-intervention, a supportive environment and empowerment of the woman’. However, an appropriate reflection of multi-cultural changes in UK society is the inclusion of female genital mutilation in chapter 15. Whilst many students will not be involved in the care of women who have undergone such a procedure, it is essential that all midwives understand the mutilation some young women have undergone and the special care they will need in childbirth. The inclusion of Kinsi’s poignant and brave story of her own experiences should help midwives develop the empathy they will need when caring for women who have been subject to similar mutilation. Perinatal mental health has figured since the early days of the textbook but only in recent editions have students been provided with the necessary information to understand the complexity of the psychology of childbearing and psychiatric disorders. A useful inclusion in this edition is tocophobia, fear of giving birth. Students need to take this fear seriously in supporting women and they cannot afford to trivialize these very real phobias. As ever this textbook includes a comprehensive section on the newborn baby, often neglected in other general texts for midwives. This is so important when parents turn to midwives for advice and reassurance or explanations. With many midwifery curricula including a module on the specialist education for the Newborn and Infant Physical Examination, chapter 28 clearly differentiates between the midwife’s and the doctor’s responsibilities when undertaking this examination. The publishers have brought about major improvements also, through locating the colour photographs in these newborn baby chapters close to where they are described in the text rather than as a separate colour plate section. Midwifery is the best career you can have. It is a privilege to work with women and their families as they experience pregnancy, birth and parenting. The knowledge, skills and attitudes that students need to be competent midwives and professional friends to women have been skilfully interwoven in this sixteenth edition. The chapter authors and editors have summarized where appropriate, elaborated when needed, referenced liberally and used illustrations effectively to enhance understanding. Given the infinite depth and breadth of information available in written and electronic forms, they have succeeded in producing a textbook that remains invaluable for the next generation of midwives. Rosemary Mander, MSc PhD MTD RGN SCM Emeritus Professor of Midwifery, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Chapter 1 The midwife in contemporary midwifery practice Chapter 26 Bereavement and loss in maternity care the increased interconnectedness and interdependence of people and countries, is generally understood to include two interrelated elements: the opening of borders to increasingly fast flows of goods, services, finance, people and ideas across international borders; and the changes in institutional and policy regimes at the international and national levels that facilitates or promote such flows. Globalization is not without its critics but it is acknowledged that the consequences of globalization are not predetermined and can have both positive and negative outcomes (Baumann and Blythe 2008). It is essential therefore to have an awareness of both the good and harm globalization may impose on a society. Conversely, internationalization has no agreed definition but from a midwifery perspective it can be defined as the international process of planning and implementing midwifery education and services in order that there is a shared vision that can easily be translated or adapted to meet the local and national needs of individual nations in both resource-rich and resource-poor countries. Internationalization is important for the midwifery profession because in a global society midwives are required to have a broad understanding of cross-cultural issues. They need to be flexible and adaptable in order to provide care that is sensitive and responsive to women’s dynamic healthcare needs. This requires the midwife to be an effective change agent, and the onus is very much on the midwife to keep pace with change. This means having a good comprehension of internationalization, learning to deal with uncertainty, embracing the ethos of life-long learning as well as the gains and challenges of interprofessional or multidisciplinary collaboration, contributing to quality assurance issues such as audit, research, risk assessment and the wider clinical governance agenda. Even though skills of problem-solving, clinical judgement, decision-making and clinical competence in the practical urn:lcp:mylestextbookfor0000unse_m4q1:epub:4659b5a4-edd7-426a-a65f-38c9eff95242 Foldoutcount 0 Identifier mylestextbookfor0000unse_m4q1 Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t8jf4mn79 Invoice 1652 Isbn 0443055866

assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation and documentation of care are all crucial for midwifery practice, human factors also matter. In England, the Francis Report (Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry 2013) was the outcome of a public inquiry into failings at Mid Staffordshire and relevant regulatory bodies. It represents a watershed moment in the history of the UK National Health Service (NHS). The scale of the problems highlighted by the report relates to the unusually high death rates amongst the sick and vulnerable at Mid Staffordshire in the late 2000s. The key lessons learnt convey the importance of transparent, compassionate, committed, competent and confident caring premised on strong leadership. It can be argued therefore that common standards and a shared vision established through global initiatives such as the MDGs and the ICM definition of a midwife are essential for midwives working within a global community. Not least because there is a strong correlation between outcomes for mothers and babies and the specific professional competencies the midwife possesses.Covers designing and implementing high quality midwifery care using evidence, policy and models of care. Highlights why a holistic and evidence-informed approach is necessary to achieve effective care for all. Working examples will help the reader to think critically about their own practice. Acknowledgements The editors of the sixteenth edition are indebted to the many authors of earlier editions whose work has provided the foundations from which this current volume has evolved. From the fifteenth edition, these contributors include the volume editors, Diane M Fraser and Margaret A Cooper, and chapter authors: Christina McKenzie Robina Aslam Alison Miller Jean E Bain Salmon Omokanye Diane Barrowclough Lesley Page Kuldip Kaur Bharj OBE Patricia Percival Susan Dapaah Lindsay Reid Victor E Dapaah Nancy Riddick-Thomas Jean Duerden Jane M Rutherford Philomena Farrell Iolanda G J Serci Alison Gibbs Della Sherratt Adela Hamilton Norma Sittlington Pauline Hudson Nina Smith Billie Hunter Ian M Symonds Beverley Kirk Ros Thomas Judith Lee Denise Tiran Carmel Lloyd Tom Turner Sally Marchant Anne Viccars Christine McCourt Sue McDonald Whilst the support and guidance from the production team at Elsevier has been invaluable in the culmination of an exciting and much improved illustrated text, the editors must also acknowledge the support of family, friends and colleagues in enabling them to accomplish the task amidst their full-time academic roles. Supervisor of Midwives, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK Chapter 16 Physiology and care during the first stage of labour Over 500 multiple-choice questions enable students to test their knowledge. • Full image bank of illustrations to make study more visual and assist with projects.

Edited by Jayne E. Marshall, FRCM, PFHEA, PhD, MA, PGCEA, ADM, RM, RN, Foundation Professor of Midwifery and NMC Lead Midwife for Education, School of Allied Health Professions, College of Life Sciences, George Davies Centre, University of Leicester, UK and Maureen D. Raynor, MA PGCEA ADM RMN RN RM, Senior Lecturer (Midwifery), De Montfort University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Leicester, UK Mary Louise Nolan, BA(Hons) MA PhD RGN Professor of Perinatal Education, Institute of Health and Society, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK Chapter 8 Antenatal education for birth and parenting Jenny Hassall, BSc(Hons) MSc MPhil RN RM School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK Chapter 9 Change and adaptation in pregnancy

Recognizing the healthy baby at term through examination of the newborn screening................................. 591 Jayne E Marshall, PhD MA PGCEA ADM RM RGN Head of School of Midwifery and Child Health, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, St Georges, University of London/Kingston University, UK Chapter 1 The midwife in contemporary midwifery practice Chapter 2 Professional issues concerning the midwife and midwifery practice Chapter 13 Medical conditions of significance to midwifery practice Chapter 16 Physiology and care during the first stage of labour Chapter 17 Physiology and care during the transition and second stage phases of labour Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, UK Chapter 3 The female pelvis and the reproductive organs Chapter 15 Care of the perineum, repair and female genital mutilation Mary Vance, MPhil PGCert TLT BSc(Hons) RM RGN LSA Midwifery Officer, North of Scotland LSA Consortium, Inverness, UK Chapter 2 Professional issues concerning the midwife and midwifery practice

Moira McLean, RGN RM ADM PGCEA PGDIP SOM Senior Lecturer – Midwifery and Supervisor of Midwives, School of Nursing and Midwifery, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK Chapter 13 Medical conditions of significance to midwifery practice Myles Textbook for Midwives Sixteenth Edition Edited by Jayne E Marshall PhD MA PGCEA ADM RM RGN Head of School of Midwifery and Child Health, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, St Georges, University of London/Kingston University, UK Former Associate Professor in Midwifery, Director for Postgraduate Taught Studies in Midwifery University of Nottingham, Academic Division of Midwifery, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Postgraduate Education Centre, Nottingham, UK Includes employer-led models of supervision, vital elements of leadership and clinical governance that supports the provision of high quality maternity services and standards of midwifery practice. Lucy Kean, BM BCh MD FRCOG Consultant Obstetrician, Subspecialist in Fetal Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK Chapter 11 Antenatal screening of the mother and fetus Maureen D Raynor, MA PGCEA ADM RMN RN RM Lecturer and Supervisor of Midwives, Academic Division of Midwifery, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Chapter 1 The midwife in contemporary midwifery practice Chapter 2 Professional issues concerning the midwife and midwifery practice Chapter 15 Care of the perineum, repair and genital mutilation Chapter 25 Perinatal mental health

Kathleen O’Reilly, MB ChB MA MRCPCH Consultant Neonatologist, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK Chapter 32 Congenital malformations Professional Editor, RCM Journal, Professor of Midwifery, University of Chester, Chester, UK, Adjunct Professor of Midwifery, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, Australia Chapter 23 Physiology and care during the puerperium Chapter 24 Physical health problems and complications in the puerperium