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Molière Jugé par Stendhal (Classic Reprint)

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Temporarily abandoning fiction, Stendhal turned again to biography, Vie de Napoléon (1839), to tragic adventure stories, Chroniques italiennes (1837-39), and to another travelogue, Mémoires d'un touriste (1839). The latter is a satire of customs and mores of provincial French life. The realistic note that runs through Stendhal's literary endeavors — fictional, biographical, documentary, critical, and journalistic — stems from his need to anchor himself solidly in reality as a point of departure. Everything he wrote begins in the realm of facts. He imposes his impressions and transforms reality, but it is a reality exterior to himself that furnishes the plot or subject matter. a b Times, The New York (2011). The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge: A Desk Reference for the Curious Mind. New York: St. Martin's Publishing Group. p.1334. ISBN 978-0-312-64302-7.

Learning of Julien's liaison with Mathilde, the Marquis de la Mole is angered, but he relents before her determination and his affection for Julien and bestows upon Julien an income-producing property attached to an aristocratic title as well as a military commission in the army. Although ready to bless their marriage, the marquis changes his mind after receiving a character-reference letter about Julien from the Abbé Chélan, Julien's previous employer in Verrières. Written by Madame de Rênal at the urging of her confessor priest, the letter warns the marquis that Julien is a social-climbing cad who preys upon emotionally vulnerable women. It was in his novels above all, and in his autobiographical writings (the interchange between these two literary activities remains a constant feature in his case), that Stendhal’s thoughts are expressed most fully. But even these texts remain baffling. Their prosaic and ironic style at first glance hides the intensity of Stendhal’s vision and the profundity of his views. Meanwhile, the Marquis's languorous daughter, Mathilde de la Mole, has become emotionally torn between her romantic attraction to Julien for his admirable personal and intellectual qualities and her revulsion at becoming sexually intimate with a lower-class man. At first Julien finds her unattractive, but his interest is piqued by her attentions and the admiration she inspires in others; twice, she seduces and rejects him, leaving him in a miasma of despair, self-doubt, and happiness (for having won her over her aristocratic suitors). Only during his secret mission does he learn the key to winning her affections: a cynical jeu d'amour (game of love) taught to him by Prince Korasoff, a Russian man-of-the-world. At great emotional cost, Julien feigns indifference to Mathilde, provoking her jealousy with a sheaf of love-letters meant to woo Madame de Fervaques, a widow in the social circle of the de la Mole family. Consequently, Mathilde sincerely falls in love with Julien, eventually revealing to him that she carries his child; nevertheless, while he is on diplomatic mission in England, she becomes officially engaged to Monsieur de Croisenois, an amiable and wealthy young noble, heir to a duchy. a b c Garzanti, Aldo (1974) [1972]. Enciclopedia Garzanti della letteratura (in Italian). Milan: Garzanti. p.874. In Jean-Paul Sartre's play Les Mains sales (1948), the protagonist Hugo Barine suggests pseudonyms for himself, including Julien Sorel, whom he resembles.Der geheime Kurier ( The Secret Courier) is a silent 1928 German film by Gennaro Righelli, featuring Ivan Mosjoukine, Lil Dagover, and Valeria Blanka. The first book introduces Julien, a romantic youth who spends his time with his nose in books or daydreaming about being in Napoleon’s (by then defunct) army rather than working with his carpenter father and brothers, who beat him for his pseudo-intellectual tendencies. Julien ends up becoming an acolyte for the local Catholic Abbé, who later secures him a post as tutor for the children of the Mayor of Verrières, M. de Rênal. Julien acts as a pious cleric, but in reality has little interest in the Bible beyond its literary value and the way he can use memorized passages to impress important people. Over time, Julien begins an affair with the wife of M. de Rênal, one that ends badly when the affair is exposed throughout the town by a servant, Eliza, who had designs of her own on Julien. M. de Rênal then banishes Julien, who moves on to a seminary that he finds cliquish and stifling. The director of the seminary, M. Pirard, takes a liking to Julien, and when M. Pirard leaves the seminary in disgust at the political machinations of the Church’s hierarchy, he recommends Julien as a candidate for secretary to the diplomat and reactionary M. de la Mole. Poco duró esta protección: de súbito De Conti se convirtió a una religiosidad católica intransigente, y el 20 de diciembre de 1656 les retiró no solo esa asignación, sino que se volvió enemigo por motivos morales de toda forma de farándula y espectáculo teatral; la compañía pasó a depender entonces del gobernador de Normandía. En Ruan Molière conoció a Corneille. [6 ]​ El principio de la gloria [ editar ]

Contemporary readers did not fully appreciate Stendhal's realistic style during the Romantic period in which he lived. He was not fully appreciated until the beginning of the 20th century. He dedicated his writing to "the Happy Few" (in English in the original). This can be interpreted as a reference to Canto 11 of Lord Byron's Don Juan, which refers to "the thousand happy few" who enjoy high society, or to the "we few, we happy few, we band of brothers" line of William Shakespeare's Henry V, but Stendhal's use more likely refers to The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith, parts of which he had memorized in the course of teaching himself English. [27] A los ocho días de su prohibición, representose ante la corte una obra titulada Scaramouche ermitaño . Al salir díjole el Rey al gran príncipe de marras: "Me gustaría saber por qué se escandaliza tanto la gente con la comedia de Molière y no dice nada de la de Scaramouche ". a lo cual respondió el príncipe: "La causa consiste en que la comedia de Scaramouche se burla del Cielo y de la religión, cosa que a esos caballeros les importa muy poco, mientras que la de Molière se burla de ellos, y esto es lo que no pueden sufrir". [16 ]​ Another film adaptation of the novel was released in 1954, directed by Claude Autant-Lara. It stars Gérard Philipe, Antonella Lualdi, and Danielle Darrieux. It won the French Syndicate of Cinema Critics award for the best film of the year. No descansaban los detractores de Molière. En 1670 se estrena la comedia de un ilustre desconocido, Le Boulanger de Chalussay, tal vez un pseudónimo, destinada a difamar la vida privada de Molière y sus actores, Élomire Hypocondre, ou Les médecins vengués, donde el nombre del comediógrafo es fácilmente reconocible en forma de anagrama. [17 ]​ Pero, como el poder del Rey se ha fortalecido, Molière, en comandita con el compositor Jean-Baptiste Lully, pasa a ser el proveedor de espectáculos para la Corte. Los amantes magníficos se estrena el cuatro de febrero de 1670 en Saint-Germain y El burgués gentilhombre el catorce de octubre en la Sala de los guardas del primer piso del Castillo de Chambord. Se trata de una comedia-ballet con música de Lully, donde se ridiculiza al rico e ingenuo comerciante Monsieur Jourdain, que aspira a ser recibido en la corte y es timado por un desaprensivo que lo embauca con falsas promesas, de forma que el futuro e ignorante caballero se prepara para ser recibido tomando clases de música, baile, esgrima y filosofía; se hizo tópica la escena en que monsieur Jourdain averigüa que está hablando en prosa sin saberlo. Después, el 24 de mayo de 1671, estrenó Los enredos de Scapin / Les Fourberies de Scapin. Comedias intrascendentes y apresuradas, como La condesa de Escarbagnas, y Psyché (escrita a causa de las prisas en colaboración con Pierre Corneille y Philippe Quinault) preparan Las mujeres sabias, una alta comedia de las mejores del autor, estrenada en 1672. Pero fallece la que todo lo fue para Molière (amiga, amante, socia fundadora antes que resignada suegra): Madeleine Béjart, y además muere a los pocos días de nacer su segundo hijo. [18 ]​ El enfermo imaginario de Honoré Daumier Ese mismo año Molière concluyó su Tartufo / Tartuffe, donde denunciaba la hipocresía religiosa; Tartufo aparecía vestido de cura y con cilicio. El escándalo que se levantó entre los beatos fue de tal calibre que el rey prohibió durante cinco años la obra. A pesar de ello, Molière llevó a cabo algunas representaciones privadas y reescribió la obra dos veces al menos para sortear los reparos; esta pieza cuenta, pues, con un abundante subtexto.

Suivez-nous

Despiadado con la pedantería de los falsos sabios, la mentira de los médicos ignorantes, la pretenciosidad de los burgueses enriquecidos, Molière exalta la juventud, a la que quiere liberar de restricciones absurdas. Muy alejado de la devoción o del ascetismo, su papel de moralista termina en el mismo lugar en el que él lo definió: «No sé si no es mejor trabajar en rectificar y suavizar las pasiones humanas que pretender eliminarlas por completo», y su principal objetivo fue el de «hacer reír a la gente honrada». Puede decirse, por tanto, que hizo suya la divisa que aparecía sobre los teatritos ambulantes italianos a partir de los años 1620 en Francia, con respecto a la comedia: Castigat ridendo mores, «Corrige las costumbres riendo», tomada del poeta neolatino francés Jean de Santeul (1630-1697). Voyage dans le midi de la France (1838; though first published posthumously in 1930) ( Travels in the South of France)

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