In the Sea There Are Crocodiles: Based on the True Story of Enaiatollah Akbari

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Whiting, S. D.; Whiting, A. U. (2011). "Predation by the Saltwater Crocodile ( Crocodylus porosus) on sea turtle adults, eggs, and hatchlings". Chelonian Conservation and Biology. 10 (2): 198–205. doi: 10.2744/CCB-0881.1. S2CID 85816270. Taylor, J. A. (1979). "The foods and feeding habits of subadult Crocodylus porosus Schneider in northern Australia". Wildlife Research. 6 (3): 347–359. doi: 10.1071/WR9790347. Olsson, A.; Phalen, D. (2012). "Preliminary studies of chemical immobilization of captive juvenile estuarine ( Crocodylus porosus) and Australian freshwater ( C. johnstoni) crocodiles with medetomidine and reversal with atipamezole". Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 39 (4): 345–356. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x. PMID 22642399. Skull saved, but was later shown to be measured incorrectly by calculating from snout to posterior edge of lower jaw, per GA Greer. Actual skull length was 655mm. [75] [45]

Webb, G. J.; Messel, H. (1977). "Crocodile capture techniques". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 41 (3): 572–575. doi: 10.2307/3800531. JSTOR 3800531. Ross, C. A. (1990). " Crocodylus raninus S. Müller and H. Schlegel, a valid species of crocodile (Reptilia: Crocodylidae) from Borneo". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 103: 955–961. a b Stuebing, R. B.; Ismail, G. & Ching, L. H. (1994). "The distribution and abundance of the Indo-Pacific crocodile Crocodylus porosus Schneider in the Klias River, Sabah, east Malaysia". Biological Conservation. 69 (1): 1–7. doi: 10.1016/0006-3207(94)90322-0. Swine dining: crocodiles are thriving in the NT and it could be because of feral pigs". the Guardian. 26 April 2022 . Retrieved 27 April 2022. In the Sea There Are Crocodiles is called a novel by its author Fabio Geda, an Italian who first met Enaiat at an author’s event celebrating the publication of Geda’s first novel, which dealt with a Romanian boy who immigrated to Italy. Geda and Enaiat spent hours exploring Enaiat’s experiences, but, as Geda says in an introductory note, Enaiat “didn’t remember it all perfectly. Together we painstakingly reconstructed his journey, looking at maps, consulting Google, trying to create a chronology for his fragmented memories.”Campbell, H. A.; Dwyer, R. G.; Irwin, T. R.; Franklin, C. E. (2013). "Home range utilisation and long-range movement of estuarine crocodiles during the breeding and nesting season". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e62127. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...862127C. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062127. PMC 3641080. PMID 23650510. a b Peschel, Joseph (2011-08-02). "Harrowing tale of young Afghan refugee". Boston.com . Retrieved 2020-04-14.

A crocodile killed in 1823 at Jalajala on the main island of Luzon in the Philippines was reported at 8.2m (26ft 11in). However the skull of the specimen is 66.5cm ( 26 + 1⁄ 4in) long indicating an animal of approximately 6.1m (20ft 0in). [46] a b c Webb, G.J.W.; Manolis, C.; Brien, M.L.; Balaguera-Reina, S.A. & Isberg, S. (2021). " Crocodylus porosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T5668A3047556. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T5668A3047556.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021. Crocodylus porosus". ReptilianZone.com. 17 February 2017. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017 . Retrieved 2 March 2017. Chen, Heather; Woon, Wallace (1 June 2021). "I Went Searching for Giant 'Extinct' Crocs in Singapore. They're Very Much Alive". Vice . Retrieved 16 July 2023.

Interesting books

Singh, L. A. K. & Kar, S. K. (2006). "Status of the Saltwater Crocodile in Orissa: an overview". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 103 (2/3): 274–285. Crocodiles Have Strongest Bite Ever Measured, Hands-on Tests Show". News.nationalgeographic.com. 15 March 2012. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012 . Retrieved 12 June 2013.

Extraordinary. . . . A gripping, strangely sweet tale. . . . Reading of Akbari’s efforts to find a better life—alone and at an age when children in our country can’t even drive yet—will leave you shaken, but his resilient joy leavens the story. . . . The lovely rapport between Akbari and Geda comes across now and then when the journalist interrupts to prod him for more detail, gently reminding him just how extraordinary his experience is.” Amarasinghe, A. T.; Madawala, M. B.; Karunarathna, D. S.; Manolis, S. C.; de Silva, A. & Sommerlad, R. (2015). "Human-crocodile conflict and conservation implications of saltwater crocodiles Crocodylus porosus (Reptilia: Crocodylia: Crocodylidae) in Sri Lanka". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 7 (5): 7111–7130. doi: 10.11609/JoTT.o4159.7111-30. Adult females typically measure from 2.7 to 3.1m (8ft 10in to 10ft 2in) in total length and weigh 76 to 103kg (168 to 227lb). [68] [69] [70] Large mature females reach 3.4m (11ft 2in) and weigh up to 120 to 200kg (260 to 440lb). [71] The largest female on record measured about 4.3m (14ft 1in) in total length. [46] Female are thus similar in size to other species of large crocodiles and average slightly smaller than females of some other species, like the Nile crocodile. [44] The saltwater crocodile has the greatest size sexual dimorphism, by far, of any extant crocodilian, as males average about 4 to 5 times as massive as adult females and can sometimes measure twice her total length. The reason for the male skewered dimorphism in this species is not definitively known but might be correlated with sex-specific territoriality and the need for adult male saltwater crocodiles to monopolise large stretches of habitat. [72] [73] Due to the extreme sexual dimorphism of the species as contrasted with the more modest size dimorphism of other species, the average length of the species is only slightly more than some other extant crocodilians at 3.8–4m (12ft 6in– 13ft 1in). [24] [34] [74] Reported sizes Date

Currently, the saltwater crocodile is considered a monotypic species. [24] However, based largely on morphological variability, it is thought possible that the taxon C. porosus comprises a species complex. Borneo crocodile C. raninus specimens can reliably be distinguished both from saltwater and Siamese crocodiles ( C. siamensis) on the basis of the number of ventral scales and on the presence of four postoccipital scutes, which are often absent in true saltwater crocodiles. [25] [26] Evolution The primary behaviour to distinguish the saltwater crocodile from other crocodiles is its tendency to occupy salt water. Though other crocodiles also have salt glands that enable them to survive in saltwater, a trait that alligators do not possess, most other species do not venture out to sea except during extreme conditions. [104] Cuvier, G. (1807). "Sur les différentes especes de crocodiles vivans et sur leurs caracteres distinctifs". Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle Paris. 10: 8–86. Saltwater Crocodiles, Crocodylus porosus ~". Marinebio.org. 14 January 2013 . Retrieved 25 July 2013.

Males reach sexual maturity around 3.3m (10ft 10in) at around 16 years of age, while females reach sexual maturity at 2.1m (6ft 11in) and 12–14 years of age. [13]Grigg, G.; Gans, C. "Morphology & Physiology of Crocodylia" (PDF). Australian Government- Department of the Environment . Retrieved 17 May 2016. The genus Crocodylus likely originated in Africa and radiated outwards towards Southeast Asia and the Americas, [32] although an Australian/Asian origin has also been considered. [33] Phylogenetic evidence supports Crocodylus diverging from its closest recent relative, the extinct Voay of Madagascar, around 25 million years ago, near the Oligocene/ Miocene boundary. [32] Phylogeny That Enaiat eventually arrives in Italy and is granted political asylum is a miracle. His life could provide a manual of survival skills for therapists working with downtrodden children. Enaiat is hardworking, polite, curious, outgoing, patient and resourceful. He learns Farsi and a smattering of English so he can negotiate his way in the world. Without any self-help manuals, he knows to mirror the gestures and facial expressions of others as a way to be accepted. He has no self-pity.