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It is the alternative hypothesis that determines what "extreme" actually means, so the p-value depends on the alternative hypothesis that you state: left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed.

P - Wikipedia

As our p-value calculator is here at your service, you no longer need to wonder how to find p-value from all those complicated test statistics! P, or p, is the sixteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Tell us the distribution of your test statistic under the null hypothesis: is it N(0,1), t-Student, chi-squared, or Snedecor's F?Its test statistic follows the F-distribution with (n - 1, m - 1)-degrees of freedom, where n and m are the respective sample sizes. The p-value only tells you how likely the data you have observed is to have occurred under the null hypothesis. The most common t-tests are those for population means with an unknown population standard deviation, or for the difference between means of two populations, with either equal or unequal yet unknown population standard deviations.

P definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary

Example: Statistical significanceYour comparison of the two mouse diets results in a p value of less than 0.

then you can reject the null hypothesis, but this does not necessarily mean that your alternative hypothesis is true.

p tag - W3Schools HTML p tag - W3Schools

These tables show, based on the test statistic and degrees of freedom (number of observations minus number of independent variables) of your test, how frequently you would expect to see that test statistic under the null hypothesis. The Latin letter P represents the same sound as the Greek letter Pi, but it looks like the Greek letter Rho. It is crucial to remember that this probability is calculated under the assumption that the null hypothesis H 0 is true! The p value will never reach zero, because there’s always a possibility, even if extremely unlikely, that the patterns in your data occurred by chance.We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. If the test statistic is far from the mean of the null distribution, then the p-value will be small, showing that the test statistic is not likely to have occurred under the null hypothesis. The probability distributions that are most widespread in hypothesis testing tend to have complicated cdf formulae, and finding the p-value by hand may not be possible. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and p for development of the glyph itself.