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The inferior part arises from the anterior surface of bodies of vertebrae T1-T3 and inserts into the anterior tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrae C5-C6. The infrahyoid muscles function to elevate and depress the hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing and speech. [6] This moves the larynx as one unit. [7] See also [ edit ]

Excluding the sternothyroid, the infrahyoid muscles either originate from or insert on to the hyoid bone. [2]During contraction, sarcomere length shortens due to ‘walking’ of the myosin filaments along the actin towards each z disc, pulling them centrally; this action in turn reduces the size of the H zone. This mechanism for contraction is known as ‘ sliding filament theory’. It is a group of inherited diseases in which the muscles that control movement progressively weaken. The prefix, dys-, means abnormal, while the root, -trophy, refers to maintaining normal nourishment, structure and function. The most common form in children is called Duchenne muscular dystrophy and affects only males. It usually appears between the ages of 2 to 6 and the afflicted live typically into late teens to early 20s. When the vertebral column is fixed, the muscle produces elevation of the 1st rib, which combined with the action of the external intercostals expands the antero-posterior diameter of the thoracic cage. This action is important during forced respiration. The nerve supply to the omohyoid is provided by the ansa cervicalis. Its blood supply stems from the superior thyroid branch of the external carotid artery, and inferior thyroid branch of the thyrocervical trunk.

The transverse part is composed of the middle fibers of trapezius, that originate from the nuchal ligament of the spinous processes of vertebrae C1-C6, and spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of vertebrae C7-T3. These fibers pass horizontally to insert onto the medial acromial margin and the superior crest of the scapular spine. Merea, Valeria Silva; Pitman, Michael J. (1 January 2019), Chhetri, Dinesh K.; Dewan, Karuna (eds.), "Chapter 5 - Anatomy and Physiology of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter", Dysphagia Evaluation and Management in Otolaryngology, Elsevier, pp.29–34, doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-56930-9.00005-x, ISBN 978-0-323-56930-9, S2CID 80855923 Skeletal muscle is found in many sizes and various shapes. The small muscles of the eye may contain only a few hundred myocytes/muscle fibers, while the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh may contain hundreds of thousands of myocytes. Regardless of its morphology or type, muscle tissue is composed of specialized cells known as muscle cells or myocytes(myo- [muscle, Greek = mys]), commonly referred to as muscle fibers (all of these terms are interchangeable); this is due to their extensive length and appearance. Multifidus cervicis, that arises from the articular processes of vertebrae C4-C7 and inserts onto the spinous processes of vertebrae 2-5 levels above the origin.Cesmebasi, Alper (1 January 2015), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.), "Chapter 31 - Anatomy of the Cervical Plexus and Its Branches", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: Academic Press, pp.441–449, doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00032-9, ISBN 978-0-12-410390-0 Obliquus capitis inferior, that arises from the spinous process of axis and inserts on the transverse process of atlas. All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. Kenhub does not provide medical advice. You can learn more about our content creation and review standards by reading our content quality guidelines. The digastric muscle has dual innervation. The anterior belly is innervated by the nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve, while the posterior belly receives innervation from the digastric branch of the facial nerve. The blood supply for the digastric muscle is derived from the submental branch of the facial artery, and posterior auricular and occipital arteries.