Ovelle Cetomacrogol Cream BP (Formula A)

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Nanoencapsulation of bacteriophages in liposomes prepared using microfluidic hydrodynamic flow focusing. Emollients and moisturizers for eczema: abridged Cochrane systematic review including GRADE assessments. The emollient rich formula contains 30% white soft paraffin and 50% liquid paraffin to moisturise and protect the skin. Storage at high temperature (45°C) or exposure to full light at room temperature (20–25°C) caused phage inactivation within 14 and 21 days, respectively.

Cetomacrogol 1000 - Wikipedia Cetomacrogol 1000 - Wikipedia

The paraffin creates a breathable hypoallergenic layer of oil on the skin surface to prevent water evaporating while the lanolin heals and softens the top layers of the epidermis, soothing inflamed skin and preventing further flare-ups. It also acts as a physical barrier and protects from potential assault by toxic substances or pathogenic organisms. Though the use of commercial gels, creams and other wound care products for phage preparation may simplify the formulation development process, it is crucial to test the viability of individual and mixed phages in these formulations. Wound infections associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are one of the important threats to public health. Using a quality by design approach, upscaling can be based on the design space, which can be assessed on a small scale.

The phage-encapsulated liposomes were 309–356 nm in size, positively charged and had an encapsulation efficiency of 47–49%. Based on the low release rate, the phage titre in the reservoir would need to be at least 100-fold higher for this trigger-release system to achieve minimal effective phage density. Phage therapy has regained attention due to its ability to kill bacteria regardless of their antibiotic-resistance profile [ 7]. Furthermore, cationic liposomes exhibit mucoadhesive properties which enables prolonged drug retention at the application site, thereby providing a controlled release and improved therapeutic outcome [ 50].

Emollients and Moisturizers (Moisturisers) — DermNet

Furthermore, storage at 4°C is recommended to preserve the bioactivity of phages in the formulations.A two-step elution system was used to separate the analytes on the Chromarods: in the first step we separated and focussed the paraffins and cetostearyl alcohol with the use of hexane-methanol–methyl tert-butyl ether (100:3:6, v/v).

Cetomacrogol™ 1000 pharma | Croda Pharma Cetomacrogol™ 1000 pharma | Croda Pharma

Various reviews have been written summarizing the early potential of phage preparations for the treatment of skin infections, surgical and purulent wounds as well as acquired postsurgical infections caused by E. Phage encapsulation efficiency of 50–59% was achieved at a total flow rate of 160 µL/min and organic/aqueous flow rate ratio of 2:3. Hence, the wound site becomes vulnerable to microbial colonization and proliferation and any wound is at some risk of becoming infected. This avoids diluting the effect of the treatment and spreading it to areas of skin that do not need it. Microfluics approach allows continuous and automated production of highly uniform liposomes, but the feasibility of a large scale-up production is yet to be established.This makes it troublesome for use at the wound infection site where the pH shifts with wound-healing [ 54]. Phage preparations may be used in combination with these products to maximize the therapeutic outcome with minimal formulation development. The next wave of modern clinical trials will require the development of robust clinical protocols with well-established clinical and microbiological endpoints as well as the development of the specific analytical tools to measure those accurately. Phages are commonly formulated in sterile buffered solutions, such as phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or Tris-buffered salt-magnesium buffer (SMB).