Wielka historia rzeźby

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I hadn't known that the Icelandic language is (in essence) Old Norse, so Icelandic scholars can read old manuscripts in that language. On January 6, 1573, the Convocation Sejm was summoned to Warsaw. Members of nobility argued that it was under extensive influence of the Senate, so to prevent this, no Marshal was elected. Instead, the work of the Sejm was overseen by deputies from different provinces. After lengthy discussion, it was agreed that all members of the nobility would be eligible to elect the monarch, provided that they personally come to Warsaw.

A quippy and comprehensive overview of Icelandic history. It's very conversational, which sometimes makes it prone to almost-imperceptible segues from topic to topic. This sometimes made reading sessions feel overwhelming and disorganized. But man, what a fun read. I'm happy to regard it as a charming sort of clutter. This book corrects that view with a wry humour that is more than ironic but less than sarcastic. Either directly or indirectly Iceland has contributed to the French Revolution, the success of the moon landings, and the creation of the state of Israel.The Mongols probably entered Krakow on 22 March 1241. The city itself was not defended. Those residents who had not fled, decided to hide in churches and on the fortified Wawel Hill. According to a popular-20th century legend, a Polish sentry on a tower of St. Mary's Church sounded the alarm by playing the Hejnał, and the city gates were closed before the Mongols could ambush. The trumpeter, however, was shot in the throat by a Tatar marksman and did not complete the anthem. The history of Iceland includes the Skafta Fires between 1783 - 1785 when Laki (a volcano) spewed out 220 square miles of lava, not from a perfectly formed volcanic cone, but from vents that rent the earth. The volcanic activity killed no one directly, but a quarter of Iceland's population died from the indirect effects such as toxic fumes, polluted water, or hunger as all the animals died from eating vegetation poisoned by fluorine.

On May 11, 1573, Primate Uchanski nominated Henri of Valois to the post of King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. On May 16, French envoys accepted the Henrician Articles and other demands, and on the same day Crown Marshal Jan Firlej named Henry King of Poland. Valois was crowned in Kraków on February 21, 1574. In the course of time, the candidature of Henri of Valois, promoted by Jean de Montluc, became very popular. A brilliant, three hour speech of de Montluc, filled with promises and assurances, was enthusiastically welcomed by the szlachta. The speech was later printed in 1,500 copies, and distributed among those who came to Kamien. Henri was supported by Anna Jagiellon, and the Lithuanians, who hoped for a revision of the Union of Lublin. S. Grzybowski, Dzieje Polski i Litwy (1506–1648), pod red. S. Grodziskiego, w: Wielka Historia Polski, Kraków 2003 I travelled to Iceland in 2017 and played the awe-inspired tourist along with thousands of others, marvelling at all the wonders that I had long read about. The fields of purple lupin that featured in many of my photos has a section devoted to it in this book - highlighting the fragile Icelandic flora-scape and how introduced plants albeit beautiful to look at destroy delicate ecosystems. Hence, when I saw a little book called “How Iceland changed the world” by Egill Bjarnasson in my local bookstore I had to have it immediately. And what a treasure of a book it is. Bjarnasson takes a chronological journey through time highlighting some of the unique and significant contributions that this far flung remote viking island nation has made to the world.

A lovely book about a country most of us associate with volcanoes, spectacular landscapes, equality, and fishing. In early February 1241, some ten thousand Mongol warriors concentrated near Wlodzimierz Wolynski, and entered Lesser Poland. The invaders captured Lublin and Zawichost, reaching Sandomierz on 13 February. The Polish army under voivode Włodzimierz Gryf was defeated in the Battle of Tursk and the Battle of Chmielnik. The latter victory meant that the way to Krakow was opened. When news of Polish losses reached the city, its residents fled in panic to Silesia, Bohemia and Germany. Also, local peasants abandoned the villages, hiding in forests, swamps and other places. I loved reading about the historic and strategic geo-political influence of Iceland during World War Two and the indelible mark that that has left on the landscape and psyche of the country and understanding the confluence of Icelandic volcanic eruptions and global understanding of climate. Another candidate was the Tsar of Muscovy, Ivan the Terrible, supported mostly by the Lithuanians, who hoped that his election would end the Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars. Ivan himself initially did not express any interest in the Polish-Lithuanian throne, neither for himself, nor for his son. Later on, however, he presented a list of unrealistic demands, such as incorporation of vast territories of the Commonwealth, and creation of a Polish-Lithuanian-Muscovite state, with a hereditary monarch. Since he did not send any envoys to Warsaw, his candidacy failed.