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Alps Map: Travel Maps International Adventure Map (National Geographic Adventure Map)

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According to WWF, the Alps are one of the regions with the richest flora and fauna in Europe, second only to the Mediterranean. There are about 4,500 species of vascular plants, 800 species of mosses, 300 liverworts, 2500 lichens and more than 5000 fungi found in the Alps. About 8 percent of the vascular species are endemic. The variety of habitats in the Alps helps to promote the uniqueness of Alpine flora, along with the harsh environmental conditions that drive species to change and adapt. The Rhône is second to the Nile as a freshwater source to the Mediterranean Sea; the river begins as glacial meltwater, flows into Lake Geneva, and from there to France where one of its uses is to cool nuclear power plants. [68] The Rhine originates in a 30km 2 (12sqmi) area in Switzerland and represents almost 60% of water exported from the country. [68] Tributary valleys, some of which are complicated, channel water to the main valleys which can experience flooding during the snowmelt season when rapid runoff causes debris torrents and swollen rivers. [69] In the high villages, people live in homes built according to medieval designs that withstand cold winters. The kitchen is separated from the living area (called the stube, the area of the home heated by a stove), and second-floor bedrooms benefit from rising heat. The typical Swiss chalet originated in the Bernese Oberland. Chalets often face south or downhill and are built of solid wood, with a steeply gabled roof to allow accumulated snow to slide off easily. Stairs leading to upper levels are sometimes built on the outside, and balconies are sometimes enclosed. [155] [156] Herding sheep in Austria

The south-easternmost extension of the Alps is to be found in Slovenia, including Pohorje, the Kamnik Alps and the Julian Alps (the last being shared with Italy). The town of Idrija may be taken as marking the dividing line between the Alps to the north and the karst plateau to the south, which then leads on to the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula. [1] The remainder of the southern edge of the Alps is clearly delimited by the basin of the Po.

The Alps are a prominent climate barrier between northern and southern Switzerland. A typical phenomenon is the Föhn. It brings a lot of precipitation on the southern side of the Alps and dry, warm downdrafts on the northern side of the Alps, which can be very strong, even stormy. Foehn valleys, such as Altdorf in the canton of Uri, have a temperature about 0.5 degrees higher than other comparable valleys. This extends the agricultural vegetation period, but also leads to more damage thanks to the winds. The col du Mont-Cenis (2,081m (6,827ft)) at the centre left of the picture gives access to a large alpine lake, and further away to the Italian peninsula 12 kilometres (7.5mi) beyond the pass. Further information: List of national parks in the Alps, Tourism in Austria, Tourism in France, Tourism in Italy, and Tourism in Switzerland The ski resort in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Veneto, Italy The glaciers of the Swiss Alps cover an area of 1,220 square kilometres (470sqmi) — 3% of the Swiss territory, representing 44% of the total glaciated area in the Alps i.e. 2,800 square kilometres (1,100sqmi). Lakes, like Geneva and Zurich in Switzerland, Como in Italy and Constance in Germany are renowned for their beauty. But not all the lakes here are natural. Some are man-made reservoirs for dams that provide hydroelectric power to towns and cities.

During the Pleistocene ice age, commencing around 2 million years ago, when ice caps formed on many high ranges around the world, as well as at the poles, small glaciers were formed on the very highest parts of the Australian Alps, mostly in the vicinity of Mount Kosciuszko. Whilst no glaciers remain today, evidence of their past presence can be found in the numerous tarns and cirques found in that region, such as Club Lake, Blue Lake, and Hedley Tarn. The Australian Alps have been classified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area. The range's montane forests and woodlands support large breeding populations of flame robins and pilotbirds. [6] Insects [ edit ] Zampieri, Matteo; Scoccimarro, Enrico; Gualdi, Silvio (January 1, 2013). "Atlantic influence on spring snowfall over the Alps in the past 150 years". Environmental Research Letters. 8 (3): 034026. Bibcode: 2013ERL.....8c4026Z. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034026. ISSN 1748-9326. Schmid, Stefan M. (2004). "Regional tectonics: from the Rhine graben to the Po plain, a summary of the tectonic evolution of the Alps and their forelands". Basel: Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut Although the electricity they generate is vital for people, the dams have an impact on wildlife. The ibex, a type of mountain goat, climb up them to find food! There are many rare animals and plants here that are adapted to living at high altitude and are found nowhere else in the world.Gerald Steinacher (2011). Nazis on the Run: How Hitler's Henchmen Fled Justice. OUP Oxford. p.xvi. ISBN 9780191653766. Portion of the Alps that lies within Switzerland Image of the Swiss Alps, covered in snow during the daytime. Gerald Steinacher (2011). Nazis on the Run: How Hitler's Henchmen Fled Justice. OUP Oxford. p.15. ISBN 9780191653766.

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