The Nature of Middle-earth

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There it is said that of the chief wizards who went to the North of Middle-earth there were five, and two of these were clad in sea-blue. The editor of Tolkien Studies, David Bratman, notes that the atlas provides historical, geological, and battle maps, with a detailed commentary and explanation of how Fonstad approached the mapping task from the available evidence. East of the Misty Mountains, Anduin, the Great River, flows southwards, with the forest of Mirkwood to its east.

The Stoors had an affinity for water, boats and swimming; the Fallohides were an adventurous people.Every year started on a Saturday and ended on a Friday, with each of the twelve months consisting of thirty days. Tolkien wrote that a typical Hobbit had a "round, jovial face; ears only slightly pointed and 'elvish'. They are characterized by curly hair on their heads and leathery feet that have furry insteps, for which they did not wear shoes. They had helped to begin the shaping of Arda through the music of Ilúvatar, and often referred to one another as "brother" or "sister". By the time they were discovered by the other peoples of Middle-earth, they had already been around for many generations.

Further information: Tolkien's influences Classical, medieval, and recent influences on the geography of Middle-earth. He used to know how to walk among the Elves, unnoticed or as one of them, and shared the acquired wisdom with one another. The average lifespan of a Hobbit was about 100 years, though it was not unusual for a Hobbit to live as many as three decades beyond that. Not all Men were on the side of good; the Men who lived in the east and south were under Sauron's dominion. The origin of Orcs and Trolls is unclear, but they were races that were taken by Morgoth and corrupted through sorcery into their final evil nature and appearance.The name Tolkien chose for one part of Middle-earth where the Hobbits live, "The Shire", is clearly reminiscent of the English Shires.