One Medicine: How understanding animals can save our lives

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Leboeuf Aline. Making Sense of One Health Cooperating at the Human-Animal-Ecosystem Health Interface. IFRI Health and Environment Reports. 2011; 7 http://www ​.ifri.org/en ​/publications/enotes ​/notes-de-lifri/making-sense-one-health. Kahn Laura H, Davis Ronald M. ‘One Medicine-One Health’: Interview with Ronald M. Davis, MD, President of the American Medical Association, 14 May 2008. Veterinaria Italiana. 2009; 45(1):19–21. [ PubMed : 20391387] Wildlife Conservation Society. About ‘One World, One Health.’. New York: Wildlife Conservation Society; 2004. http://www ​.oneworldonehealth.org.

one medicine” to “one health” and systemic approaches From “one medicine” to “one health” and systemic approaches

Wood James LN, Leach Melissa, Waldman Linda, MacGregor Hayley, Fooks Anthony R, Jones Kate E, et al. A Framework for the Study of Zoonotic Disease Emergence and Its Drivers: Spillover of Bat Pathogens as a Case Study. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences. 2012; 367(1604):2881–2892. [ PubMed : 22966143] It is clear that authors were starting to use OH as a standalone term from 2008, and following the FAO/WHO/OIE joint statement in 2010, OH overtook its predecessors and became adopted much more widely. Data for 2014 suggest an acceleration of this trend, with citations using the term OH nearly doubling to 173 per year, although usage of OM and OWOH persists at much lower levels. King Lonnie. One Health Initiative Task Force. American Veterinary Medical Association; 2008. One Health: A New Professional Imperative. https://www ​.avma.org ​/KB/Resources/Reports ​/Documents/onehealth_final.pdf.With support and information from Humanimal Trust, we believe everyone can contribute to One Medicine, through giving, advocating, learning or educating. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, So what happened to initiate this change and the more widespread uptake of OH? Adopting OH as a single term had advantages for both OM and OWOH advocates: it was less cumbersome, significantly broadened the scope of their shared agenda, and decentered disciplines. The idea of “health” reaches far beyond infectious disease or clinical research and encompasses a much broader range of issues, practices, and policies than “medicine” can. Many advocates have embraced the flexibility of this expanded version of OH, adopting the “umbrella” metaphor as a way of articulating the inclusive nature of the agenda ( One Health Sweden 2014). This shift was also driven by more pragmatic concerns: in 2008 the Wildlife Conservation Society registered the OWOH slogan as a trademark with the U.S. Patent Office, preventing its usage by other organizations. Since 2010, a biennial international conference series and journal have been founded and activities have been sponsored by research funding bodies, philanthropic foundations, and pharmaceutical companies. Moving out from its origins in the United States and Switzerland, OH meetings and associations have become increasingly international, appearing across Europe (e.g., Netherlands, Sweden), Southeast Asia (e.g., South Korea, Malaysia), Australia, and Africa (e.g., Ethiopia, Uganda). The ideas and terminology of OH have increasingly been used to facilitate interdepartmental cooperation in policy making and government ( CDC 2013; Department of Health 2013; Leung et al. 2012). In the United Kingdom at least, several universities have merged their veterinary, medical, and biological sciences schools, referencing OH as part of the reason for these moves and launching new training programs ( Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons [RCVS] 2014; University of Surrey 2012). Dykstra MP, Baitchman EJ. Dykstra MP, et al. Acad Med. 2021 Jul 1;96(7):951-953. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000004072. Acad Med. 2021. PMID: 33769340

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European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2021) The European Union One health 2019 zoonoses report. EFSA J. 19, 6406 10.2093/j.efsa.2021.6406 Michell AR. Only One Medicine: The Future of Comparative Medicine and Clinical Research. Research in Veterinary Science. 2000; 69(2):101–106. [ PubMed : 11020358] One Medicine supports learning from the treatment of naturally occurring disease, helping those who need help rather than the use of experimental models. Patients do not undergo any extra tests or procedures, rather, responses to treatment are collated and samples can be retained for subsequent research.Just reading the book after I attended a book presentation with the author at the Lane Bookshop (nomen est omen) at the end of the world, in Perth Western Australia. One end of the world anyway. Department of Health. London: U.K. Department of Health; 2013. UK Five Year Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy 2013 to 2018. https://www ​.gov.uk/government ​/publications ​/uk-5-year-antimicrobial-resistance-strategy-2013-to-2018.

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Developing this theme, Chien (2013, 223) concluded that the “productive vagueness” of OH enabled FAO, WHO, and OIE to move from mutually exclusive understandings of avian influenza toward a collective reframing that enhanced their interests, while minimizing interagency tensions. Chien drew upon Star and Griesemer’s (1989) classic study of “boundary objects” in scientific collaboration: concepts concrete enough to articulate common ideas across several “social worlds” (groups of people working toward a shared goal), yet flexible enough to be reinterpreted to fit the particular needs of each of these groups. 3 Chien argued that OH acts as a boundary object for actors pushed into working together across the siloed social worlds of international health. However, as Star (2010) later discussed, boundary objects are not simply words with multiple meanings: they must be understood as the product of ongoing processes of social negotiation, and tend to operate at the scale of organizations, rather than in the details of interpersonal relationships or larger social structures. Institute on Science for Global Policy. Emerging and Persistent Infectious Diseases (EPID): Focus on the Societal and Economic Context. 2012. [Accessed December 15, 2012]. http: ​//scienceforglobalpolicy ​.org/conference ​/epid-societal-and-economic-context/.Kirk Robert. A Brave New Animal for a Brave New World: The British Laboratory Animals Bureau and the Constitution of International Standards of Laboratory Animal Production and Use, circa 1947–1968. Isis. 2010; 101(1):62–94. [ PubMed : 20575490] Funny, fascinating and beautifully written. More than that it is moving and awe inspiring… I can’t think of a more important topic for everyone on the planet to engage with right now' Immuno Valley. About Immuno Valley. 2014. [Accessed May 15, 2014]. http://www ​.immunovalley ​.nl/about-immuno-valley/.

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Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS). Liverpool Visitation Report 2012. Jun 6, 2014. http://www ​.rcvs.org.uk ​/document-library/liverpool-visitation-report-2012/. Fujimura Joan. The Molecular Biological Bandwagon in Cancer Research: Where Social Worlds Meet. Social Problems. 1998; 35(3):261–283.Okello Anna L, Gibbs EPJ, Vandersmissen A, Welburn SC. One Health and the Neglected Zoonoses: Turning Rhetoric into Reality. Veterinary Record. 2011; 169(11):281–285. [ PubMed : 21908565] King Nicholas B. The Scale Politics of Emerging Diseases. Osiris. 2004; 19:62–76. [ PubMed : 15449391] In recent years One Health has gathered momentum. The One Health Initiative ( 4), founded in 2006, is doing an outstanding job of promoting One Health through education and advocacy in the United States and internationally. The organization was co-founded by a physician and a veterinarian and its Board has approximately equal numbers of physicians and veterinarians. It is supported by prominent veterinary and medical organizations and by hundreds of individuals worldwide. The goal of this initiative is to promote application of a cross-sectoral, multidisciplinary approach to mitigate existing or potential risks to health that arise from the interactions of humans, animals and the environment. They are achieving their purpose through “education of international multidisciplinary scientific communities, political and governmental leaders, the general public, and news media about the One Health concept and helping to promote the One Health concept’s expeditious implementation worldwide.” This initiative promotes many activities including the One Health Newsletter published by the University of Florida, which seeks to encourage communication and collaboration among veterinarians, physicians, public health professionals and environmental scientists and to find multi-disciplinary solutions to these shared challenges. Veterinarians continue to play a leading role in support of One Health and a veterinarian was recently appointed as Head of the CDC One Health Office. Rweyemamu M, Kambarage D, Karimuribo E, Wambura P, Matee M, Kayembe JM, Mweene A, Neves L, Masumu J, Kasanga C, et al. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013; 366:73-91. Morgan draws on the similarities between humans and animals to show how much we can learn from them by understanding them better'