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C. D. Davies and R. M. Crooks, Focusing, sorting, and separating microplastics by serial faradaic ion concentration polarization, Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 5547–5558 RSC.
et al. Investigation on removal of hardness ions by capacitive deionization (CDI) for water softening applications, Water Res., 2010, 44, 2267–2275 CrossRef CAS. The Philadelphia Scientific’s deionized water system provides a cost effective way of producing high purity water. The price of each litre of water produced is significantly cheaper than purchasing distilled water.
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et al. Full open-framework batteries for stationary energy storage, Nat. Commun., 2014, 5, 3007 CrossRef.
Y.-C. Wang, A. L. Stevens and J. Han, Million-fold preconcentration of proteins and peptides by nanofluidic et al. Blue Energy and Desalination with Nanoporous Carbon Electrodes: Capacitance from Molecular Simulations to Continuous Models, Phys. Rev. X, 2018, 8, 021024 CAS. Our favorite feature on this system is the moveable stand. It makes moving the 51 pounds around extremely easy. Chelating polymers. In the previous section, chemical functionalities were used in tandem with alternating current methods. There are, however, many examples of chelating polymers used in high performing DC electrochemical adsorption cells. The selective capability of chelating polymers—the first class of polymer coatings leveraged for selectivity in electrosorption processes—is attributed to the functional group's ability to coordinate to the metal ion. This ability is a function of several factors such as donor atom (N, O, S); ligand type (unidentate, bidentate, multidentate); ligand class (soft, intermediate or hard); and the metal–ligand complex stability constants. 176–179J. Nordstrand and J. Dutta, Simplified Prediction of Ion Removal in Capacitive Deionization of Multi-Ion Solutions, Langmuir, 2020, 36, 1338–1344 CrossRef CAS. W. E. Price, C. O. Too, G. G. Wallace and D. Zhou, Development of membrane systems based on conducting polymers, Synth. Met., 1999, 102, 1338–1341 CrossRef CAS. P. M. Biesheuvel, S. Porada, M. Levi and M. Z. Bazant, Attractive forces in microporous carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization, J. Solid State Electrochem., 2014, 18, 1365–1376 CrossRef CAS. et al. Selective lithium recovery from aqueous solution using a modified membrane capacitive deionization system, Hydrometallurgy, 2017, 173, 283–288 CrossRef CAS.