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In recent years, genetic studies have demonstrated that, at least paternally, Jewish ethnic divisions and the Palestinians are related to each other. [126] Genetic studies on Jews have shown that Jews and Palestinians are closer to each other than the Jews are to their host countries. [127] [128] At the haplogroup level, defined by the binary polymorphisms only, the Y chromosome distribution in Arabs and Jews was similar but not identical. [129]

Arabs in Palestine, both Christian and Muslim, settled and Bedouin were historically split between the Qays and Yaman factions. [77] These divisions had their origins in pre-Islamic tribal feuds between Northern Arabians ( Qaysis) and Southern Arabians ( Yamanis). The strife between the two tribal confederacies spread throughout the Arab world with their conquests, subsuming even uninvolved families so that the population of Palestine identified with one or the other. [77] [78] Their conflicts continued after the 8th century Civil war in Palestine until the early 20th century [79] [ unreliable source?] and gave rise to differences in customs, tradition, and dialect which remain to this day. [77] The administration of U.S. President Joe Biden has focused on trying to secure a "grand bargain" in the Middle East that includes normalisation of relations between Israel and Saudi Arabia, custodian of Islam's two holiest shrines. a b c d e f g h Salim Tamari (Winter 2004). "Lepers, Lunatics and Saints: The Nativist Ethnography of Tawfiq Canaan and his Jerusalem Circle" (PDF). Jerusalem Quarterly. Issue 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2015 . Retrieved 31 May 2015.The pace of Islamization among the Christian, Jewish, and Samaritan communities in Palestine varied during the early period (661–861). [20] After the 630s most of the urban centers declined, which caused local ecclesiastical administrations to weaken or disappear altogether, leaving Christians most susceptible to conversion. [20] [15] Nevertheless, Christians managed to survive in larger numbers than Jews and Samaritans, possibly due to their superior numbers or better organization. [20] Jewish communities, which were almost on the brink of extinction, only recovered following the arrival of Jews from various diaspora communities. [20] Following the 749 Galilee earthquake, northern Palestine foestered movement from the devastated cities in the Transjordan, such as Hippos. [20] [15] During the first half of the 19th century, there were several waves of immigration from Egypt to Palestine. They favored settling in already established localities. There used to be 19 villages in the southern coastal plains and near Ramla with families of Egyptian descent, and to this day, some villages in the northern parts of the region of Samaria, especially the 'Ara Valley, have a sizeable population of Egyptian descent. [42] In addition, some rural and urban Palestinians have Albanian, Bosnian, Circassian, or other non-Arab ancestry due to the legacy of the Ottoman period, which brought non-Arab communities to the region in the 19th century. [42] [43] [44] Linguistics

Joudah, Ahmad Hasan (1987). Revolt in Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: The Era of Shaykh Zahir Al-ʻUmar. Kingston Press. ISBN 9780940670112. Edward Kessler (2010). An Introduction to Jewish-Christian Relations. Cambridge University Press. p.72. ISBN 978-0-521-70562-2. Bethlehem (2013), a film by Yuval Adler, portrays the relationship between an Israeli secret service operative and a Palestinian teenager whom he recruits as an informer. It’s a little bit like a Mediterranean version of The Wire in that it’s really not judgmental: it is able to understand the tragedy and the suffering of all the characters, even the ones who are doing horrible things. I have spent the past five weeks sitting on my hotel balcony for a few hours each day looking at the honey-coloured stone walls of the Old City of Jerusalem and listening to the competing sounds of Christian church bells, the muezzin’s plaintive call to prayer and the muttering of the Talmud, recited by Orthodox Jews in our hotel. Intruding into this soundscape of religion and history is the occasional air raid siren and the constant cacophony of cable news, in Hebrew, Arabic and English. It’s like living in the hifi shop from hell. It demands some context from the written or spoken word. I would begin with reading Simon Sebag Montefiore’s excellent Jerusalem: A Biography. It explains beautifully the competition for cramped real estate of the three monotheistic religions in this place that feels once again like the vexed navel of the world. It will make you appreciate the blessing and the curse of this city. For more historical context about the origins of the Arab-Israeli conflict I recommend A Peace to End All Peace by David Fromkin . It charts the disastrous carving up by imperial Britain and France of the Arab world after the collapse of the Ottoman empire. The double standard may be expected considering how the plight of the Palestinians has been discussed in the past, but that doesn’t eliminate its moral darkness. It’s also particularly dangerous and tone-deaf at this moment, when we’re on the cusp of a government – Israel – using unprecedented violence on a largely defenseless and penned-in population, in part to cover for its own fatal mistakes and embarrassment.a b Ali Qleibo (28 July 2007). "Palestinian Cave Dwellers and Holy Shrines: The Passing of Traditional Society". This Week in Palestine. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007 . Retrieved 17 August 2007.

Kuzar, Ron. Hebrew and Zionism: A Discourse Analytic Cultural Study. (New York: Mounton de Gruyter, 2001). ISBN 978-3110169935 a b c Estakhri quoted by Le Strange, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. pp. 25–30. OCLC 1004386.

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Egypt said on Saturday it had received positive signals from all parties over a possible extension of the Gaza truce for one or two days, Reuters reported. Diaa Rashwan, the head of Egypt’s State Information Service, said the country was holding extensive talks with all parties to reach an agreement over extending the four-day ceasefire, which “means the release of more detainees in Gaza and Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails”. Israeli troops killed six Palestinians in the occupied West Bank on Saturday, the Palestinian ministry of health said. A 25-year-old doctor was killed early in the morning outside his home in Qabatiya, near Jenin, it said. Another Palestinian was killed in el-Bireh, near Ramallah. Four people were also killed by Israeli army fire in Jenin, during an incursion by a large number of armoured vehicles into the town. Witnesses told Agence France-Presse on Saturday that the Israeli army was surrounding Jenin’s public hospital and the Ibn Sina clinic, and that soldiers were searching ambulances. They also reported heavy fighting with automatic weapons. The origin of the Palestinians, an ethnonational group residing in the Southern Levant, has been the focus of studies in history, linguistics and genetics, as well as nationalistic ideology and myths of shared ancestry. The Palestinian population, despite being predominantly Arab and Muslim, is not a homogeneous entity, and there is diversity within the population in terms of religious, linguistic, and cultural practices. David Ben-Gurion and Yitzhak Ben Zvi, later becoming Israel's first Prime Minister and second President, respectively, suggested in a 1918 book written in Yiddish that the fellahin are descended from ancient Jewish and Samaritan farmers, " Am ha'aretz" (People of the Land), who continued farming the land after the Jewish-Roman Wars and despite the ensuing persecution for their faith. While the wealthier, more educated, and more religious Jews departed and joined centers of religious freedom in the diaspora, many of those who remained converted their religions, first to Christianity, then to Islam. [110] They also claimed that these peasants and their mode of life were living historical testimonies to ancient Israelite practices described in the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud. [111] Ben Zvi stated in a later writing that "Obviously, it would be incorrect to claim that all fellahin are descended from the ancient Jews; rather, we are discussing their majority or their foundation", and that "The vast majority of the fellahin are not descended from Arab conquerors but rather from the Jewish peasants who made up the majority in the region before the Islamic conquest". [112] Tamari notes that "the ideological implications of this claim became very problematic and were soon withdrawn from circulation." [105] Salim Tamari notes the paradoxes produced by the search for "nativist" roots among these Zionist figures, particularly the Canaanist followers of Yonatan Ratosh, [105] who sought to replace the "old" diasporic Jewish identity with a nationalism that embraced the existing residents of Palestine. [113] What exactly counts as a provocation? Not, apparently, the large number of settlers, more than 800 by one media account, who stormed the al-Aqsa mosque compound on 5 October. Not the 248 Palestinians killed by Israeli forces or settlers between 1 January and 4 October of this year. Not the denial of Palestinian human rights and national aspirations for decades.