Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (UK)

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This Practice Note considers the provisions of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (CJJA 1982), which determine the question of international jurisdiction in relation to employment proceedings instituted on or after 1 January 2021. Practice Note: International jurisdiction—allocating employment cases between national courts and tribunals

civil and commercial legal cases: guidance for Cross-border civil and commercial legal cases: guidance for

If the claim is a common law claim brought in the courts, such as a claim for damages for breach of contract or to enforce post-termination restrictions (restrictive covenants), the rules on jurisdiction in CJJA 1982 and the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) will apply.for non-contractual obligations, Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 (the Rome II Regulation) applies to events giving rise to damage which occurs after 11 January 2009. the Rome II Regulation (Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council) shall apply in respect of events giving rise to damage, where such events occurred before the end of the transition period. Practitioners should note, however, that both the Rome I and Rome II Regulations apply whether or not the applicable law is the law of an EU member state or not (see Article 2 of Rome I and Article 3 of Rome II).

Schedule 4, Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982

For claims initiated after the end of the transition period, involving an exclusive choice of court agreement entered into from 1 October 2015, in which the chosen court is established in a contracting party to that Convention (which includes all EU member states), the rules of the Hague Convention 2005 on Choice of Court Agreements) apply. Both Article 67 (and 69) and regulation 92 provide that courts in England and Wales will continue to apply the relevant EU rules on jurisdiction and recognition and enforcement of judgments which applied immediately before the end of the transition period (e.g. as appropriate, those of Brussels Ia and the Lugano Convention) to cases where the proceedings were commenced before the end of the transition period. Article 67 (and 69) and regulation 92 also provide that courts in England and Wales will continue to apply the EU rules on recognition and enforcement which applied immediately before the end of the transition period (e.g. those of Brussels Ia and Lugano respectively) where the parties have concluded a court settlement, or formally drawn up or registered an “authentic instrument”, before the end of the transition period, and recognition and enforcement is sought after that date in England or Wales. For contracts concluded, or where an event giving rise to damage occurs, after the end of the transition period, the retained Rome I and Rome II Regulations (and, for relevant old contracts, the Contracts (Applicable Law) Act 1990) as amended by the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations and Non-Contractual Obligations (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (which was further amended by SI 2020/1574) applies to determine applicable law in relation to contractual or non-contractual obligations. The retained versions of Rome I and Rome II Regulations also apply to determine applicable law in the case of intra-UK conflicts of laws (or conflicts of laws between the UK and Gibraltar), where the contract is concluded, or the events giving rise to the damage occurred, before the end of the transition period. 3.2 Cases in an EU member state for cases under the Lugano Convention, regulation 92 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019. UK courts are unable to certify judgments as EEOs, issue EOPs or ESCP judgments. Claims which would have been capable of being pursued in the UK under the EOP or ESCP Regulations prior to the end of the transition period need to be made in the appropriate court as ordinary civil claims.

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Both Article 67 and regulation 92 include judgments delivered, whether before or after the end of the transition period, by a court in the UK or an EU member state in proceedings commenced before the end of the transition period, but which have not been enforced in an EU member state or the United Kingdom respectively before the end of the transition period. Exclusive choice of court agreements entered into from 1 October 2015 which choose a UK court or the court of an EU member state for the resolution of disputes, will continue to be subject to the terms of the 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements. New cases in England and Wales the Rome I Regulation (Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council) continues to apply in respect of contracts concluded before the end of the transition period; The 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements still applies to the UK (without interruption) from its original entry into force date of 1 October 2015. It was given the force of law in domestic law on 1 January 2021 by the Private International Law (Implementation of Agreements) Act 2020, which also amended the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments (Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements 2005) (EU Exit) Regulations 2018 (SI 2018/1124). Transitional cases in England and Wales