276°
Posted 20 hours ago

A History of Language

£4.995£9.99Clearance
ZTS2023's avatar
Shared by
ZTS2023
Joined in 2023
82
63

About this deal

a b Tallerman, Maggie (2013). Rudolf P Botha; Martin Everaert (eds.). Kin selection, pedagogy and linguistic complexity: whence protolanguage?. pp.77–96. ISBN 978-0-19-965485-7. OCLC 856795812. {{ cite book}}: |work= ignored ( help) Scott, S. K. (1 December 2000). "Identification of a pathway for intelligible speech in the left temporal lobe". Brain. 123 (12): 2400–2406. doi: 10.1093/brain/123.12.2400. ISSN 1460-2156. PMC 5630088. PMID 11099443. Critics of this theory point out that the very efficiency of "vocal grooming"—the fact that words are so cheap—would have undermined its capacity to signal commitment of the kind conveyed by time-consuming and costly manual grooming. [56] A further criticism is that the theory does nothing to explain the crucial transition from vocal grooming—the production of pleasing but meaningless sounds—to the cognitive complexities of syntactical speech. Diller, Karl C.; Cann, Rebecca L. (2009). Rudolf P Botha; Chris Knight (eds.). Evidence Against a Genetic-Based Revolution in Language 50,000 Years Ago. pp.135–149. ISBN 978-0-19-954586-5. OCLC 804498749. {{ cite book}}: |work= ignored ( help)

History of British Sign Language - UCL History of British Sign Language - UCL

a b Uomini, Natalie Thaïs; Meyer, Georg Friedrich (30 August 2013). Petraglia, Michael D. (ed.). "Shared Brain Lateralization Patterns in Language and Acheulean Stone Tool Production: A Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Study". PLOS ONE. 8 (8): e72693. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...872693U. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072693. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3758346. PMID 24023634. Marslen-Wilson, W. (1973). "Linguistic structure and speech shadowing at very short latencies". Nature. 244 (5417): 522–523. Bibcode: 1973Natur.244..522M. doi: 10.1038/244522a0. PMID 4621131. S2CID 4220775.Larsson, M (2014). "Self-generated sounds of locomotion and ventilation and the evolution of human rhythmic abilities". Animal Cognition. 17 (1): 1–14. doi: 10.1007/s10071-013-0678-z. PMC 3889703. PMID 23990063. Critics of gestural theory note that it is difficult to name serious reasons why the initial pitch-based vocal communication (which is present in primates) would be abandoned in favor of the much less effective non-vocal, gestural communication. [100] However, Michael Corballis has pointed out that it is supposed that primate vocal communication (such as alarm calls) cannot be controlled consciously, unlike hand movement, and thus it is not credible as precursor to human language; primate vocalization is rather homologous to and continued in involuntary reflexes (connected with basic human emotions) such as screams or laughter (the fact that these can be faked does not disprove the fact that genuine involuntary responses to fear or surprise exist). [93] Also, gesture is not generally less effective, and depending on the situation can even be advantageous, for example in a loud environment or where it is important to be silent, such as on a hunt. Other challenges to the "gesture-first" theory have been presented by researchers in psycholinguistics, including David McNeill. [101] Tool-use associated sound in the evolution of language [ edit ]

History of Language (67 books) - Goodreads History of Language (67 books) - Goodreads

The exact way language evolved is however not considered as vital to the study of languages. Structural linguist Ferdinand de Saussure abandoned evolutionary linguistics after having come to the firm conclusion that it would not be able to provide any further revolutionary insight after the completion of the major works in historical linguistics by the end of the 19th century. Saussure was particularly sceptical of the attempts of August Schleicher and other Darwinian linguists to access prehistorical languages through series of reconstructions of proto-languages. [72] Enfield, N. J. (2010). "Without social context?" (PDF). Science. 329 (5999): 1600–1601. Bibcode: 2010Sci...329.1600E. doi: 10.1126/science.1194229. hdl: 11858/00-001M-0000-0012-C777-5. S2CID 143530707. Lachaux, Jean-Philippe; Jerbi, Karim; Bertrand, Olivier; Minotti, Lorella; Hoffmann, Dominique; Schoendorff, Benjamin; Kahane, Philippe (31 October 2007). "A Blueprint for Real-Time Functional Mapping via Human Intracranial Recordings". PLOS ONE. 2 (10): e1094. Bibcode: 2007PLoSO...2.1094L. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001094. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2040217. PMID 17971857.a b Zahavi, A. (May 1993). "The fallacy of conventional signalling". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 340 (1292): 227–230. Bibcode: 1993RSPTB.340..227Z. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1993.0061. PMID 8101657. Yo-he-ho. The yo-he-ho theory claims language emerged from collective rhythmic labor, the attempt to synchronize muscular effort resulting in sounds such as heave alternating with sounds such as ho. History contains a number of anecdotes about people who attempted to discover the origin of language by experiment. The first such tale was told by Herodotus ( Histories 2.2). He relates that Pharaoh Psammetichus (probably Psammetichus I, 7th century BC) had two children raised by a shepherd, with the instructions that no one should speak to them, but that the shepherd should feed and care for them while listening to determine their first words. When one of the children cried "bekos" with outstretched arms the shepherd concluded that the word was Phrygian, because that was the sound of the Phrygian word for "bread". From this, Psammetichus concluded that the first language was Phrygian. King James V of Scotland is said to have tried a similar experiment; his children were supposed to have spoken Hebrew. [215] a b Falk, D. (August 2004). "Prelinguistic evolution in early hominins: whence motherese?" (PDF). Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 27 (4): 491–503, discussion 503–83. doi: 10.1017/s0140525x04000111. PMID 15773427. S2CID 39547572. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2014 . Retrieved 4 January 2014.

BBC - Cymru - Cymraeg - Yr Iaith - The Welsh language BBC - Cymru - Cymraeg - Yr Iaith - The Welsh language

Barham, Lawrence; Everett, Daniel (June 2021). "Semiotics and the Origin of Language in the Lower Palaeolithic". Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 28 (2): 535–579. doi: 10.1007/s10816-020-09480-9. ISSN 1072-5369. S2CID 225509049.Cross, Ian; Woodruff, Ghofur Eliot (23 April 2009). "Music as a Communicative medium". In Rudolf Botha; Chris Knight (eds.). The Prehistory of Language. OUP Oxford. pp.77–98. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199545872.003.0005. ISBN 978-0-19-156287-7. W. Tecumseh Fitch likewise argues that this was the original selective advantage of laryngeal lowering in the human species. Although (according to Fitch) the initial lowering of the larynx in humans had nothing to do with speech, the increased range of possible formant patterns was subsequently co-opted for speech. Size exaggeration remains the sole function of the extreme laryngeal descent observed in male deer. Consistent with the size exaggeration hypothesis, a second descent of the larynx occurs at puberty in humans, although only in males. In response to the objection that the larynx is descended in human females, Fitch suggests that mothers vocalizing to protect their infants would also have benefited from this ability. [208] Phonemic diversity [ edit ] In the wild, the communication of vervet monkeys has been the most extensively studied. [163] They are known to make up to ten different vocalizations. Many of these are used to warn other members of the group about approaching predators. They include a "leopard call", a "snake call", and an "eagle call". [167] Each call triggers a different defensive strategy in the monkeys who hear the call and scientists were able to elicit predictable responses from the monkeys using loudspeakers and prerecorded sounds. Other vocalisations may be used for identification. If an infant monkey calls, its mother turns toward it, but other vervet mothers turn instead toward that infant's mother to see what she will do. [168] [169]

A History Of Language A History Of Language

The gestural theory states that human language developed from gestures that were used for simple communication. Knight, Chris (13 November 2000). "Play as Precursor of Phonology and Syntax". The Evolutionary Emergence of Language. Cambridge University Press. pp.99–120. doi: 10.1017/cbo9780511606441.007. ISBN 978-0-521-78157-2. S2CID 56418139. The ability to ask questions is considered by some [ like whom?] to distinguish language from non-human systems of communication. [152] Some captive primates (notably bonobos and chimpanzees), having learned to use rudimentary signing to communicate with their human trainers, proved able to respond correctly to complex questions and requests. Yet they failed to ask even the simplest questions themselves. [153] Conversely, human children are able to ask their first questions (using only question intonation) at the babbling period of their development, long before they start using syntactic structures. Although babies from different cultures acquire native languages from their social environment, all languages of the world without exception—tonal, non-tonal, intonational and accented—use similar rising "question intonation" for yes–no questions. [154] [155] This fact is a strong evidence of the universality of question intonation. In general, according to some authors, sentence intonation/pitch is pivotal in spoken grammar and is the basic information used by children to learn the grammar of whatever language. [14] Cognitive development and language [ edit ] What was significant in this study [ according to whom?] was the observation that the changes in skull architecture that correlate with reduced aggression are the same changes necessary for the evolution of early hominin vocal ability. In integrating data on anatomical correlates of primate mating and social systems with studies of skull and vocal tract architecture that facilitate speech production, the authors argue that paleoanthropologists to date [ when?] have failed to understand the important relationship between early hominin social evolution and language capacity. Davis, Matthew H.; Johnsrude, Ingrid S. (15 April 2003). "Hierarchical Processing in Spoken Language Comprehension". The Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (8): 3423–3431. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.23-08-03423.2003. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 6742313. PMID 12716950.Schwartz, M. F.; Faseyitan, O.; Kim, J.; Coslett, H. B. (20 November 2012). "The dorsal stream contribution to phonological retrieval in object naming". Brain. 135 (12): 3799–3814. doi: 10.1093/brain/aws300. ISSN 0006-8950. PMC 3525060. PMID 23171662. Weiss, B. (1974). "Medieval Muslim discussions of the origin of language" (PDF). Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. 124 (1): 33–41. doi: 10.1163/156852711X562335. JSTOR 43370636. S2CID 55165312– via JSTOR. Saussure's solution to the problem of language evolution involves dividing theoretical linguistics in two. Evolutionary and historical linguistics are renamed as diachronic linguistics. It is the study of language change, but it has only limited explanatory power due to the inadequacy of all of the reliable research material that could ever be made available. Synchronic linguistics, in contrast, aims to widen scientists' understanding of language through a study of a given contemporary or historical language stage as a system in its own right. [73] Darwin, C. (1871). "The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 2 vols. London: Murray, p. 56. Botha, Rudolf P.; Knight, Chris (2009). The cradle of language. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-954586-5. OCLC 804498749.

Asda Great Deal

Free UK shipping. 15 day free returns.
Community Updates
*So you can easily identify outgoing links on our site, we've marked them with an "*" symbol. Links on our site are monetised, but this never affects which deals get posted. Find more info in our FAQs and About Us page.
New Comment