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However, other authors maintained that the imaginative powers of the deranged patient could produce these canine substances. The Paduan Pietro d’Abano ( c. 1257–1316) reading the same Arabic sources, described how the moment the patient saw water, they would imagine dogs to be in that water and, even though dying of thirst, they would run away for fear of the dogs they imagined they saw (once this happened, there was no hope for the patient). As the disease takes its course, the patient becomes crazed ( rabidus) and emits sperm and phlegm in the shape of little dogs ( in modum catulorum). This is due to the imagination of the patient, which seals the shape of dogs onto damp substances (Pietro d’Abano 1476: ch. 65: 9). Against the appearance of minute forms or particles like dogs in the urine of one suffering from hydrophobia it is argued that serpents do not so appear when one is stung by a scorpion, and that neither the matter, agent, nor place is favourable for generation. On the other hand, it is pointed out the dog’s nature is more like ours than is that of the serpent or scorpion, and that the slower action of the canine poison gives more opportunity for such an effect. The counter question is then raised whether if such a man bit another man, human or canine forms would appear in the second case. 6 Worgen I think look best in leather. They’re animalistic hunters, it’s pretty fitting to wear animal hides, if they even wear clothes at all The great commentator of Avicenna, Gentile da Foligno (d. 1348), questioned the possibility of the imagination of the bitten patient producing these forms, arguing: Snake bite, Pseudo-Apuleius Platonicus, De medicaminibus herbarum (late-twelfth century). London, British Library, MS Harley 5294, fol. 42 (detail).

By the end of the Middle Ages, four animals were linked with each one of the four humours. This appears to have originated in the fourteenth-century Gesta Romanorum (Deeds of the Romans) which recounts that after the Flood, in an attempt to cultivate the wild grapevine, Noah takes the blood of four animals (a lion, a lamb, a pig, and an ape) and pours it on the roots of the plant. The resulting wine, which makes Noah drunk, is sweetened by the blood of the animals. The origins of the story are very nebulous. A similar tale appears in the Midrash Tanhuma, a Late Antique collection of rabbinical material with the same animals, although the source that the Gesta Romanorum used is unclear. The Libellus de imaginibus deorum (Little Book on the Images of the Gods, c.1400) notes that the god Bacchus was depicted by the Ancients with a pig, lion and an ape at the foot of a vine, stressing the connection of these animals to drunkenness. The Calendrier des Bergers (published by Guyot Marchand in 1493 and, ten years later, translated into English as the Kalender of Shepherdes– see Figure 0.3) connects a humoural complexion to a type of drunkenness associated with each animal. Thus, the choleric has ‘lion wine’ and ‘when he is drunk he wants to dance, make noise and fight’. The sanguine has ‘ape wine, the more he drinks the more cheerful he becomes and pursues the ladies’. The phlegmatic has ‘sheep wine … when he is drunk he seems wise and more intent on his business than before’. The melancholic has ‘swine wine’ and ‘when he is drunk he wants only to sleep or to dream’ (Janson 1952: 239–50). O man, remember that thou were a liquid of semen, and that as thou art receptacle of filth, though shalt also be food for worms. For after death, a worm is born from the tongue, which represents the sin of the tongue; thread-worms are born of the stomach to signify the sin of gluttony; a scorpion is born of the spine to mark the sin of lust; a toad is born of the brain to show the sin of pride.Human medical treatment could even be preceded by experimentation on animals, to assure success in the former. The early twelfth-century chronicle of Guibert of Nogent recounts how King Baldwin I of Jerusalem (d. 1118) was suffering from a lance wound. His doctor was sceptical at the idea of covering the area in poultices and planned to operate on a Saracen prisoner with a similar wound to determine the best course of action. Baldwin refused so the physician suggested instead the use of a bear, saying to the king: In addition, animals and man could perceive sensations in different ways. For sight, animals had their eyes turned to the ground, while man had eyes high in the head so that he might look towards heaven. The sight of the basilisk, one of the most feared venomous serpents, could cause death merely by looking upon its victim. The sound of its hiss was similarly deadly (although its enemy the weasel was immune from its actions). Man could not compete with the night vision of creatures such as owls and vultures, while cats could see in the dark thanks to light shining from their eyes. The uncertain and transitory light of twilight was known as inter canem et lupum (between dog and wolf), when clear identification of beasts was difficult. For smell, apart from the vulture, other animals like the bear, elephant and the fox, were also considered to have an excellent sense of smell. In the bestiary tradition the panther has a marvellous odour, which attracts all the other animals and symbolizes Christ (Woolgar 2006: 148–150). 2 I think draenei fit plate. They’re so big it’s seems like they should just be in plate no matter what class they are Avicenna was hugely influential on medieval scholarship of the disease. Psychological symptoms included melancholic ideas, nightmares and a fear of light and open spaces. In the final stages of the disease, the patient would have visions of dogs, see the entrails of dogs in water, and believe that their urine was full of pieces of flesh in the shape of little dogs (Avicenna 1556: 923).

As a successful company ourselves, we understand the imperatives that drive a good business. Amongst the most important of these in the construction industry are the need to observe deadlines and work to budgets, without in any way compromising standards. Leonina was ascribed to the lion and yellow bile was given as its cause. The signs of leonina were the loss of eyebrows and a bulging forehead, accompanied by yellow skin and urine. The symbolic terminology of two of these sub-types, elephantia and leonina, had a very long history. The Ancient Greek physician Aretaeus discussed in detail the rough skin of the elephant when detailing the former, and how the wrinkles on the forehead of the latter resembled a lion or an angry person. Avicenna would similarly remark that leonina made the patient’s face look terrifying (and added that this form was mostly commonly seen in lions themselves). For Gilles de Corbeil in the late-twelfth century, the ferocity of the lion was itself a metaphor for this terrible disease (Demaitre 2007: 91–3). Veterinary medicine in the period overwhelmingly focused on the horse, although there were also texts on care for hounds and hawks. Medieval hippiatric medicine had many parallels to human medicine, particularly when many authors of the former adopted Galenic humoural theory. Thus blood letting was a fundamental therapy when treating horses. In a similar way, medical astrology, where planets and stars were believed to influence the body, was adapted in hippiatric texts. The author Laurentius Rusius (1288–1347) in his Hippiatrica sive marescalia was likely the first to apply to horses the medical theory of ‘zodiac man’. The sky was divided into twelve sections, each ruled by one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. When the moon was in a particular sign, no surgery or any medical treatment was to be attempted on the part of the horse’s body ruled by that zodiac sign. For example, if blood-letting the horse was planned, if the moon was in Aries, the horse’s head should not be bled; if the moon was in Virgo, the shoulders should not be bled; and similarly, if the moon was in Cancer, the area around the shoulders should not be bled. It was a direct parallel to the zodiac correspondences for human patients, with hooves instead of feet for Pisces or the rump instead of thighs for Libra (Laurentius Rusius 1867: 432–4). The third form was tyria which had the characteristics of a snake. It was named for the highly venomous tyrus snake, which lived in the region around Jericho (Rubin 2014: 234–53). A patient suffering with tyria (caused by an excess of phlegm) would have a very pale face, with white scaly skin and pale urine. Descriptions of this form often emphasized the snake-like shedding of skin. In his thirteenth-century Practica, surgeon Roger de Baron characterized the disease as a serpent that ‘gets rid of its filth by rubbing, thus those afflicted by this sort of leprosy are always wanting to scratch themselves’ (Pouchelle 1990: 174).

Animal analogy could also extend to the senses and humours. For the thirteenth-century Dominican writer Thomas de Cantimpré, certain animals surpassed man in each of the five senses: the eagle and the lynx in their sharp sight, the vulture in its sense of smell, the ape in its sense of taste, the spider in the sense of touch, and both the mole or the wild boar were man’s superior when it came to hearing (Thomas de Cantimpré 1973: 106). These analogies were not definitive; for some, touch was most perfect in man in comparison to animals. The scheme laid out by Pliny the Elder in the first century gave taste and touch to man, with the eagle having vision, the vulture smell and the mole hearing (Woolgar 2006: 27). Finally, alopecia, caused by an excess of blood, was ascribed to the fox. It was the least harmful of the sub-types and sufferers would be burdened by hair loss and a red face and eyes. Difference (null H = exogenous): chi2(3) = 6.80 Prob > chi2 = 0.078Please also find a dataex, count(10) of the variables included in the model:

is the estimated property value as of today. This is calculated by considering the last sale price and average growth of 8.889461157931027% per year in the region. Out of all property types, Detached property has always been the most valued and flats are the lowest in valuation. This chapter will examine the cultural history of medicine through animals. Historical scholarship on animals has grown exponentially in the last decades. Described as the ‘animal turn’, it offers new perspectives on human culture by examining the roles animals have played in human society, although it often still remains at the margins or between disciplines (Ritvo 2007: 118–22). It includes cultural history (Resl 2009), archaeology (O’Connor 2013), environmental history, intellectual history and the study of animals as commodities, encompassing fields as disparate from zoo studies to evolutionary history.Code: xtabond2 SNL5YSR L.SNL5YSR CET1R VSTOXX YSOV ONR LLRGCL ROE WFTA , gmm(SNL5YSR, lag(2 2) coll eq(diff)) gmm(SNL5YSR, lag(1 1) coll eq(level)) gmm(CET1R LLRGCL ROE WFTA, lag (1 1) eq(diff) coll) gmm(CET1R LLRGCL ROE WFTA, lag (0 0) eq(level) coll) iv(VSTOXX YSOV ONR) twostep robust Gnomes I think fit cloth / leather pretty well. Can’t really see them in plate given their size, and they’re not known for being overly strong like dwarves These days, the most important element in any business relationship seems to be trust and it's why our clients return to us again and again, as well as recommending us to their friends. Whether you are an Architect, Surveyor or a homeowner, whether you need a development partner or simply a loft conversion, we will be happy to meet you and see if we can help. We deliver first-class workmanship, peace of mind and bring our years of experience to bear on building projects throughout Kingston, Richmond, Wimbledon, Merton and the surrounding areas. A well-conceived and well-built loft conversion, or dormer installation, can completely transform a home. Depending on the property, the conversion can simply add an office 'in the roof', or it can convert a three-bedroom house into a very substantial, five-bedroom home. And while these changes can take place in a surprisingly small amount of space, it is not a job for the DIY enthusiast. Wooden roof beams often need to be replaced with steel supports. The new construction must comply with building regulations and sometimes local planning permission will be required. Nobody has more experience in this type of work than Concept Construction Group, and we can also help with designing and planning your conversion. In today's housing market, it can make sense to maximise the value of your existing home, rather than embark upon the risky business of property chains and the rising cost of mortgages. A well-planned and well-built extension can not only meet the needs of a growing family, but add a surprising amount to the overall value of the property. At Concept Construction Group we have a great deal of experience of this kind of work and our local knowledge of planning regulations can be very useful.